Cell Injury and Death Concepts Quiz

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What is the first level at which noxious influences exert their effects?

Molecular or biochemical level (correct)

Cellular level

Tissue level

Organ level

How quickly can changes be detected in cells after injury using sensitive techniques?

Weeks

Minutes to hours (correct)

Only during post-mortem examination

Several days

Which of the following substances can have toxic side effects?

Carbohydrates

Therapeutic drugs (correct)

Proteins

Vitamins

What does cell swelling indicate in the case of ischemia in the myocardium?

Ongoing cellular damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate time frame for light microscopic evidence of cell death to appear after ischemia onset?

4 to 12 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not one of the infectious agents mentioned?

Chemical toxins Signup and view all the answers

How long may morphologic manifestations of necrosis take to develop compared to reversible damage?

They develop more slowly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that influences cell injury from biological agents?

Diversity of mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cell injury related to nutritional imbalances?

Mechanical trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of severe hypoxia in cells?

Cell death Signup and view all the answers

What role does obesity play in cell injury?

It is associated with increased incidence of diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is NOT mentioned as a potential cause of cell injury?

Carbon monoxide Signup and view all the answers

What does a diet high in certain lipids increase the risk of?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

How can nutrient shortages be categorized?

Self-imposed or stemming from food shortages Signup and view all the answers

What potential effect does high concentrations of oxygen have on cells?

Is toxic to cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical agents does NOT typically cause cell injury?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of cell injury associated with nutritional imbalances?

Vitamin deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is fat necrosis primarily characterized by?

Destruction of fat tissue due to pancreatic lipases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of free radicals in cell injury?

They contribute to oxidative stress and damage cellular components. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cellular adaptations leads to an increase in cell size?

Hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome in gangrenous necrosis when bacterial infection occurs?

Enhanced liquefactive necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature distinguishing necrosis from apoptosis?

Necrosis typically results in inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is caseous necrosis most commonly observed?

Tuberculous infection. Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation occurs in response to chronic stress or injury by increasing the number of cells?

Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What does saponification in fat necrosis result in?

Visible chalky-white deposits. Signup and view all the answers

What is not a characteristic of liquefactive necrosis?

Formation of caseous necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

Calcium homeostasis disturbances can lead to which type of cellular damage?

Endoplasmic reticulum stress Signup and view all the answers

What type of necrosis is described as having a cheeselike appearance?

Caseous necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism primarily mediates the cell's response to severe oxidative stress?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Dystrophic Calcification in pathological conditions?

Calcium deposits are often found in aging tissues with previous damage. Signup and view all the answers

Which form of necrosis is primarily related to immune reactions and affects blood vessels?

Fibrinoid necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes significantly to Ischemia-Reperfusion injury?

Reintroduction of oxygen leading to oxidative stress. Signup and view all the answers

What typically triggers the fat necrosis process in acute pancreatitis?

Release of pancreatic lipases. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cellular change does Metaplasia represent?

Replacement of one type of cell with another type Signup and view all the answers

What is activated by the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway?

Caspase-9 Signup and view all the answers

Which caspases are activated by the extrinsic death receptor pathway?

Caspase-10 and Caspase-8 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of executioner caspases?

They cleave various cellular components. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes necroptosis from other cell death mechanisms?

It involves a hybrid of necrosis and apoptosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular components are primarily targeted for cleavage by executioner caspases?

Various cellular components Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the extrinsic death receptor pathway?

Interaction with surface receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ligands are responsible for activating the extrinsic pathway?

Both soluble and surface-expressed ligands Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of necrosis in comparison to apoptosis?

Necrosis often leads to inflammation. Signup and view all the answers