Cell Injury and Adaptation

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Cell injury occurs when cells are stressed and cannot adapt to ______.

injury

Atrophy is a ______ process except when it is caused by loss of nerve supply.

reversible

Hypertrophy occurs when a cell or tissue is exposed to ______ workload.

increased

Metaplasia is a process in which one cell type is converted to ______ cell type.

another Signup and view all the answers

Prolonged smoking causes columnar epithelium to change to ______ epithelium in respiratory passages.

stratified squamous Signup and view all the answers

Chronic ______ or inflammation can cause metaplasia.

irritation Signup and view all the answers

Severe anemia reduces the ______ capacity of blood.

oxygen-carrying Signup and view all the answers

Chemical agents can alter ______ pressure around the cell, resulting in cell injury.

osmotic Signup and view all the answers

Infectious agents include ______, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and rickettsiae.

bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Cellular swelling is caused by the accumulation of ______ due to failure of active transporters and cell membrane integrity.

water Signup and view all the answers

Cellular accumulation can lead to the buildup of ______, protein, calcium, and uric acid.

fats Signup and view all the answers

Necrosis occurs due to ______, toxins, infections, and trauma.

ischemia Signup and view all the answers

Pyknosis is characterized by the nucleus ______

shrinks Signup and view all the answers

In Karyorrhexis, the pyknotic nucleus is ______

fragmented Signup and view all the answers

In Karyolysis, DNA is degraded by ______

endonuclease Signup and view all the answers

Coagulative Necrosis is characterized by dead cells, but tissue structure remains intact for to

days to weeks Signup and view all the answers

In Liquefactive Necrosis, enzymes of leukocytes ______ the tissue

digest Signup and view all the answers

Liquefied necrotic tissue is creamy yellow due to the presence of ______

dead leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is activated in response to ______ damage or lack of oxygen or nutrients.

DNA Signup and view all the answers

Caspases have two actions: catalyze mass ______ in the cytoplasm and activate nucleases.

proteolysis Signup and view all the answers

The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis depends on ______ Activated from inside the cell.

mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Bcl2 proteins are ______ regulators of apoptosis that control release of mitochondrial proteins to the cytoplasm.

intracellular Signup and view all the answers

Apoptosis depends on ______ proteins: proteolytic enzymes.

Caspase Signup and view all the answers

Released mitochondrial proteins activated ______ that catalyze mass proteolysis and activate nucleases.

caspases Signup and view all the answers

Bcl2 proteins cause dimerization of ______ proteins

Bax and Bak Signup and view all the answers

Cytochrome c in cytosol activates ______ which have two actions

caspases Signup and view all the answers

Cells fragment into membrane-bound pieces (apoptotic bodies), which are phagocytosed by ______

macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Cell Injury and Adaptation

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Questions and Answers

Cell injury occurs when cells are stressed and cannot adapt to ______.

Atrophy is a ______ process except when it is caused by loss of nerve supply.

Hypertrophy occurs when a cell or tissue is exposed to ______ workload.

Metaplasia is a process in which one cell type is converted to ______ cell type.

Prolonged smoking causes columnar epithelium to change to ______ epithelium in respiratory passages.

Chronic ______ or inflammation can cause metaplasia.

Severe anemia reduces the ______ capacity of blood.

Chemical agents can alter ______ pressure around the cell, resulting in cell injury.

Infectious agents include ______, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and rickettsiae.

Cellular swelling is caused by the accumulation of ______ due to failure of active transporters and cell membrane integrity.

Cellular accumulation can lead to the buildup of ______, protein, calcium, and uric acid.

Necrosis occurs due to ______, toxins, infections, and trauma.

Pyknosis is characterized by the nucleus ______

In Karyorrhexis, the pyknotic nucleus is ______

In Karyolysis, DNA is degraded by ______

Coagulative Necrosis is characterized by dead cells, but tissue structure remains intact for to

In Liquefactive Necrosis, enzymes of leukocytes ______ the tissue

Liquefied necrotic tissue is creamy yellow due to the presence of ______

The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is activated in response to ______ damage or lack of oxygen or nutrients.

Caspases have two actions: catalyze mass ______ in the cytoplasm and activate nucleases.

The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis depends on ______ Activated from inside the cell.

Bcl2 proteins are ______ regulators of apoptosis that control release of mitochondrial proteins to the cytoplasm.

Apoptosis depends on ______ proteins: proteolytic enzymes.

Released mitochondrial proteins activated ______ that catalyze mass proteolysis and activate nucleases.

Bcl2 proteins cause dimerization of ______ proteins

Cytochrome c in cytosol activates ______ which have two actions

Cells fragment into membrane-bound pieces (apoptotic bodies), which are phagocytosed by ______

The induction of apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway involves the action of sensors and effectors of the ______ family

Engagement of ______ receptors leads directly to caspase activation

Mitochondrial proteins, especially ______, leak into cytosol

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Cell Injury and Adaptation

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers

Cell injury occurs when cells are stressed and cannot adapt to ______.

Atrophy is a ______ process except when it is caused by loss of nerve supply.

Hypertrophy occurs when a cell or tissue is exposed to ______ workload.

Metaplasia is a process in which one cell type is converted to ______ cell type.

Prolonged smoking causes columnar epithelium to change to ______ epithelium in respiratory passages.

Chronic ______ or inflammation can cause metaplasia.

Severe anemia reduces the ______ capacity of blood.

Chemical agents can alter ______ pressure around the cell, resulting in cell injury.

Infectious agents include ______, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and rickettsiae.

Cellular swelling is caused by the accumulation of ______ due to failure of active transporters and cell membrane integrity.

Cellular accumulation can lead to the buildup of ______, protein, calcium, and uric acid.

Necrosis occurs due to ______, toxins, infections, and trauma.

Pyknosis is characterized by the nucleus ______

In Karyorrhexis, the pyknotic nucleus is ______

In Karyolysis, DNA is degraded by ______

Coagulative Necrosis is characterized by dead cells, but tissue structure remains intact for ______ to ______

In Liquefactive Necrosis, enzymes of leukocytes ______ the tissue

Liquefied necrotic tissue is creamy yellow due to the presence of ______

The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is activated in response to ______ damage or lack of oxygen or nutrients.

Caspases have two actions: catalyze mass ______ in the cytoplasm and activate nucleases.

The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis depends on ______ Activated from inside the cell.

Bcl2 proteins are ______ regulators of apoptosis that control release of mitochondrial proteins to the cytoplasm.

Apoptosis depends on ______ proteins: proteolytic enzymes.

Released mitochondrial proteins activated ______ that catalyze mass proteolysis and activate nucleases.

Bcl2 proteins cause dimerization of ______ proteins

Cytochrome c in cytosol activates ______ which have two actions

Cells fragment into membrane-bound pieces (apoptotic bodies), which are phagocytosed by ______

The induction of apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway involves the action of sensors and effectors of the ______ family

Engagement of ______ receptors leads directly to caspase activation

Mitochondrial proteins, especially ______, leak into cytosol

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Coagulative Necrosis is characterized by dead cells, but tissue structure remains intact for to