Mitosis Quiz: Understanding Cell Division through Mitosis

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Questions and Answers

Where is the genetic material of an organism located?

In the cytoplasm

In the nucleus (correct)

In the cell membrane

In the mitochondria

What are genes responsible for?

Storing water

Producing energy

The expression of traits (correct)

Regulating temperature

What is the term used to represent the chromosomes of one cell after sorting them by size?

Genogram

Chromoform

Cellogram

Karyogram (correct)

How are chromosomes visible in a certain phase of a cell's growth?

As thin threads if looked at through a microscope Signup and view all the answers

How many homologous chromosomes are there in a cell?

Two pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is genetics the study of?

How features and behavior of living things are passed on through genes Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does a typical cell spend most of its life?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the end of interphase in preparation for mitosis?

DNA is tightly packed Signup and view all the answers

What are duplicated (or double strand) chromosomes made of?

Two genetically identical parts Signup and view all the answers

What structures help in the organization and arrangement of chromosomes during mitosis?

Mitotic spindles Signup and view all the answers

When does the nuclear envelope begin to break down in preparation for mitosis?

During Prophase Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do the chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

How many homologous chromosomes are found in each human body cell?

46 Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomes determine the biological sex of an individual?

Chromosomes of the 23rd pair Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do germ cells (e.g., egg cells and sperm cells) contain?

23 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the egg cell and sperm cell merge?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

How many sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid human body cell?

2 sets Signup and view all the answers

Why can children share genetically determined similarities with both their parents?

Because children receive one homologous chromosome from each parent Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is an error in spindle attachment?

The cell stops further progress until the problem is fixed Signup and view all the answers

How are chromosomes split during anaphase?

At the centromere in the middle Signup and view all the answers

What happens in telophase as the cell finishes dividing?

Two cell nuclei form around the split chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitotic spindle fibres in preparing a cell for division?

Elongate the cell Signup and view all the answers

How are daughter cells formed during cell division?

By splitting the cytoplasm equally with a ring of protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in splitting a cell into two daughters during mitosis?

A ring of protein forms in the middle of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a rabbit with two different alleles for fur color?

Heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

When two homozygous rabbits, one with brown fur alleles and the other with gray fur alleles, are crossed, what is the genotype of their offspring?

Gg Signup and view all the answers

Which allele for fur color is expressed in the dominant-recessive pattern of inheritance?

Recessive allele Signup and view all the answers

How many alleles does a rabbit body cell have for fur color?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe genes on homologous chromosomes that encode the same trait?

Alleles Signup and view all the answers

In a heterozygous rabbit with alleles for both brown and gray fur, which fur color is expressed?

Gray Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetic Inheritance

Rabbits have 44 chromosomes in their body cells, with two sets of chromosomes. Each homologous chromosome contains a gene for the same trait, known as alleles.
A rabbit can have two alleles for fur color: two for brown fur, two for gray fur, or one brown and one gray allele.
If both alleles code for the same color, they are homozygous, and if they code for different colors, they are heterozygous.

Laws of Inheritance

The Law of Uniformity (1st Mendelian law) states that when crossing homozygous rabbits, the outcome is always the same, resulting in heterozygous offspring (Gg).
The dominant allele is expressed, and the recessive allele is not expressed, resulting in a dominant-recessive pattern of inheritance.

Mitosis

Interphase: the longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, reads its DNA, and conducts normal cell functions.
Prophase: chromosomes are duplicated, and spindle fibers form to help in the organization and arrangement of chromosomes.
Metaphase: chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes to ensure each daughter cell gets one half of each chromosome.
Anaphase: chromosomes split into two identical parts, and spindle fibers move them to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase: the cell elongates, and two cell nuclei form around the split chromosomes, resulting in two daughter cells with identical chromosomes.

Genetics

Genetics is the study of how individual features and behavior of living things are passed on through their genes.
Genes are sections on chromosomes responsible for the expression of traits.

Chromosomes and Genetic Material

The genetic material of an organism is located in the nucleus of each cell and is divided among several chromosomes.
Chromosomes are visible through a light microscope in a certain phase of a cell's growth.
Genes for the same traits (e.g., eye color) are located on homologous chromosomes, one inherited from the father and one from the mother.
Human cells contain 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (diploid), with 46 chromosomes in total.
Chromosomes 1 to 22 are autosomes, and the 23rd pair determines biological sex (XX for female and XY for male).

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Description

Explore the stages of mitosis, from interphase to prophase, and understand how cells divide through this crucial process. Learn about the different phases of mitosis and the functions they perform within the cell.

Cell Division: Understanding Mitosis