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Questions and Answers
Where is the genetic material of an organism located?
Where is the genetic material of an organism located?
- In the cytoplasm
- In the nucleus (correct)
- In the cell membrane
- In the mitochondria
What are genes responsible for?
What are genes responsible for?
- Storing water
- Producing energy
- The expression of traits (correct)
- Regulating temperature
What is the term used to represent the chromosomes of one cell after sorting them by size?
What is the term used to represent the chromosomes of one cell after sorting them by size?
- Genogram
- Chromoform
- Cellogram
- Karyogram (correct)
How are chromosomes visible in a certain phase of a cell's growth?
How are chromosomes visible in a certain phase of a cell's growth?
How many homologous chromosomes are there in a cell?
How many homologous chromosomes are there in a cell?
What is genetics the study of?
What is genetics the study of?
During which phase of the cell cycle does a typical cell spend most of its life?
During which phase of the cell cycle does a typical cell spend most of its life?
What happens at the end of interphase in preparation for mitosis?
What happens at the end of interphase in preparation for mitosis?
What are duplicated (or double strand) chromosomes made of?
What are duplicated (or double strand) chromosomes made of?
What structures help in the organization and arrangement of chromosomes during mitosis?
What structures help in the organization and arrangement of chromosomes during mitosis?
When does the nuclear envelope begin to break down in preparation for mitosis?
When does the nuclear envelope begin to break down in preparation for mitosis?
In which phase do the chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell?
In which phase do the chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell?
How many homologous chromosomes are found in each human body cell?
How many homologous chromosomes are found in each human body cell?
Which chromosomes determine the biological sex of an individual?
Which chromosomes determine the biological sex of an individual?
How many chromosomes do germ cells (e.g., egg cells and sperm cells) contain?
How many chromosomes do germ cells (e.g., egg cells and sperm cells) contain?
What is the process called when the egg cell and sperm cell merge?
What is the process called when the egg cell and sperm cell merge?
How many sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid human body cell?
How many sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid human body cell?
Why can children share genetically determined similarities with both their parents?
Why can children share genetically determined similarities with both their parents?
What happens if there is an error in spindle attachment?
What happens if there is an error in spindle attachment?
How are chromosomes split during anaphase?
How are chromosomes split during anaphase?
What happens in telophase as the cell finishes dividing?
What happens in telophase as the cell finishes dividing?
What is the role of mitotic spindle fibres in preparing a cell for division?
What is the role of mitotic spindle fibres in preparing a cell for division?
How are daughter cells formed during cell division?
How are daughter cells formed during cell division?
What is the final step in splitting a cell into two daughters during mitosis?
What is the final step in splitting a cell into two daughters during mitosis?
What term is used to describe a rabbit with two different alleles for fur color?
What term is used to describe a rabbit with two different alleles for fur color?
When two homozygous rabbits, one with brown fur alleles and the other with gray fur alleles, are crossed, what is the genotype of their offspring?
When two homozygous rabbits, one with brown fur alleles and the other with gray fur alleles, are crossed, what is the genotype of their offspring?
Which allele for fur color is expressed in the dominant-recessive pattern of inheritance?
Which allele for fur color is expressed in the dominant-recessive pattern of inheritance?
How many alleles does a rabbit body cell have for fur color?
How many alleles does a rabbit body cell have for fur color?
What is the term used to describe genes on homologous chromosomes that encode the same trait?
What is the term used to describe genes on homologous chromosomes that encode the same trait?
In a heterozygous rabbit with alleles for both brown and gray fur, which fur color is expressed?
In a heterozygous rabbit with alleles for both brown and gray fur, which fur color is expressed?
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Study Notes
Genetic Inheritance
- Rabbits have 44 chromosomes in their body cells, with two sets of chromosomes. Each homologous chromosome contains a gene for the same trait, known as alleles.
- A rabbit can have two alleles for fur color: two for brown fur, two for gray fur, or one brown and one gray allele.
- If both alleles code for the same color, they are homozygous, and if they code for different colors, they are heterozygous.
Laws of Inheritance
- The Law of Uniformity (1st Mendelian law) states that when crossing homozygous rabbits, the outcome is always the same, resulting in heterozygous offspring (Gg).
- The dominant allele is expressed, and the recessive allele is not expressed, resulting in a dominant-recessive pattern of inheritance.
Mitosis
- Interphase: the longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, reads its DNA, and conducts normal cell functions.
- Prophase: chromosomes are duplicated, and spindle fibers form to help in the organization and arrangement of chromosomes.
- Metaphase: chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes to ensure each daughter cell gets one half of each chromosome.
- Anaphase: chromosomes split into two identical parts, and spindle fibers move them to opposite sides of the cell.
- Telophase: the cell elongates, and two cell nuclei form around the split chromosomes, resulting in two daughter cells with identical chromosomes.
Genetics
- Genetics is the study of how individual features and behavior of living things are passed on through their genes.
- Genes are sections on chromosomes responsible for the expression of traits.
Chromosomes and Genetic Material
- The genetic material of an organism is located in the nucleus of each cell and is divided among several chromosomes.
- Chromosomes are visible through a light microscope in a certain phase of a cell's growth.
- Genes for the same traits (e.g., eye color) are located on homologous chromosomes, one inherited from the father and one from the mother.
- Human cells contain 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (diploid), with 46 chromosomes in total.
- Chromosomes 1 to 22 are autosomes, and the 23rd pair determines biological sex (XX for female and XY for male).
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