Cell Division: Understanding Mitosis
30 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Where is the genetic material of an organism located?

  • In the cytoplasm
  • In the nucleus (correct)
  • In the cell membrane
  • In the mitochondria

    • What are genes responsible for?

  • Storing water
  • Producing energy
  • The expression of traits (correct)
  • Regulating temperature

    • What is the term used to represent the chromosomes of one cell after sorting them by size?

  • Genogram
  • Chromoform
  • Cellogram
  • Karyogram (correct)

    • How are chromosomes visible in a certain phase of a cell's growth?

    <p>As thin threads if looked at through a microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many homologous chromosomes are there in a cell?

    <p>Two pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genetics the study of?

    <p>How features and behavior of living things are passed on through genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does a typical cell spend most of its life?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the end of interphase in preparation for mitosis?

    <p>DNA is tightly packed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are duplicated (or double strand) chromosomes made of?

    <p>Two genetically identical parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures help in the organization and arrangement of chromosomes during mitosis?

    <p>Mitotic spindles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the nuclear envelope begin to break down in preparation for mitosis?

    <p>During Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase do the chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many homologous chromosomes are found in each human body cell?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosomes determine the biological sex of an individual?

    <p>Chromosomes of the 23rd pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes do germ cells (e.g., egg cells and sperm cells) contain?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the egg cell and sperm cell merge?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid human body cell?

    <p>2 sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can children share genetically determined similarities with both their parents?

    <p>Because children receive one homologous chromosome from each parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if there is an error in spindle attachment?

    <p>The cell stops further progress until the problem is fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are chromosomes split during anaphase?

    <p>At the centromere in the middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in telophase as the cell finishes dividing?

    <p>Two cell nuclei form around the split chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitotic spindle fibres in preparing a cell for division?

    <p>Elongate the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are daughter cells formed during cell division?

    <p>By splitting the cytoplasm equally with a ring of protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in splitting a cell into two daughters during mitosis?

    <p>A ring of protein forms in the middle of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a rabbit with two different alleles for fur color?

    <p>Heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two homozygous rabbits, one with brown fur alleles and the other with gray fur alleles, are crossed, what is the genotype of their offspring?

    <p>Gg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which allele for fur color is expressed in the dominant-recessive pattern of inheritance?

    <p>Recessive allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many alleles does a rabbit body cell have for fur color?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe genes on homologous chromosomes that encode the same trait?

    <p>Alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a heterozygous rabbit with alleles for both brown and gray fur, which fur color is expressed?

    <p>Gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Inheritance

    • Rabbits have 44 chromosomes in their body cells, with two sets of chromosomes. Each homologous chromosome contains a gene for the same trait, known as alleles.
    • A rabbit can have two alleles for fur color: two for brown fur, two for gray fur, or one brown and one gray allele.
    • If both alleles code for the same color, they are homozygous, and if they code for different colors, they are heterozygous.

    Laws of Inheritance

    • The Law of Uniformity (1st Mendelian law) states that when crossing homozygous rabbits, the outcome is always the same, resulting in heterozygous offspring (Gg).
    • The dominant allele is expressed, and the recessive allele is not expressed, resulting in a dominant-recessive pattern of inheritance.

    Mitosis

    • Interphase: the longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, reads its DNA, and conducts normal cell functions.
    • Prophase: chromosomes are duplicated, and spindle fibers form to help in the organization and arrangement of chromosomes.
    • Metaphase: chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes to ensure each daughter cell gets one half of each chromosome.
    • Anaphase: chromosomes split into two identical parts, and spindle fibers move them to opposite sides of the cell.
    • Telophase: the cell elongates, and two cell nuclei form around the split chromosomes, resulting in two daughter cells with identical chromosomes.

    Genetics

    • Genetics is the study of how individual features and behavior of living things are passed on through their genes.
    • Genes are sections on chromosomes responsible for the expression of traits.

    Chromosomes and Genetic Material

    • The genetic material of an organism is located in the nucleus of each cell and is divided among several chromosomes.
    • Chromosomes are visible through a light microscope in a certain phase of a cell's growth.
    • Genes for the same traits (e.g., eye color) are located on homologous chromosomes, one inherited from the father and one from the mother.
    • Human cells contain 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (diploid), with 46 chromosomes in total.
    • Chromosomes 1 to 22 are autosomes, and the 23rd pair determines biological sex (XX for female and XY for male).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the stages of mitosis, from interphase to prophase, and understand how cells divide through this crucial process. Learn about the different phases of mitosis and the functions they perform within the cell.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser