Cell Division Stages & Processes

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Questions and Answers

During which stage of interphase does DNA replication occur?

  • G2 phase
  • M phase
  • G1 phase
  • S phase (correct)

What is the primary function of the centromere?

  • Initiating DNA replication
  • Synthesizing proteins
  • Holding sister chromatids together (correct)
  • Producing spindle fibers

In which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers and centrioles disappear?

  • Anaphase
  • Prophase
  • Telophase (correct)
  • Metaphase

What term describes DNA that is loosely spread throughout the nucleus in a non-dividing cell?

<p>Chromatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cell is observed under a microscope with condensed chromosomes aligned along the metaphase plate. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

<p>Metaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell?

<p>Anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are responsible for the growth of spindle fibers during cell division?

<p>Centrosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell typically produce the organelles needed for two new cells?

<p>G2 phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the microtubule fibers that attach to chromosomes and pull them apart during cell division?

<p>Spindle fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cell has 34 chromosomes before DNA replication, how many chromatids will it have after the S phase?

<p>68 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

S Phase

The stage of interphase where cells duplicate their DNA.

Prophase

The phase of mitosis where the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear and spindle fibers and centrioles appear.

Telophase

The phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers and centrioles disappear.

Centromere

The spot that holds the chromatid arms together.

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Chromatin

DNA that are spread in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell.

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Anaphase

The phase where chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

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G0 Phase

The phase of the cell cycle in which cells stops dividing.

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Telophase

Phase in which chromosomes spread out into chromatin.

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S Phase

The cell cycle phase following G1.

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Spindle Fibers

Microtubule fibers that pull chromosomes apart.

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Study Notes

  • S phase is the stage of interphase in which cells copy their DNA.
  • The first image depicts metaphase.
  • Spindle fibers and centrioles disappear during telophase.
  • The spot that holds the chromatid arms together is called the centromere.
  • The correct order of the cells is A, D, C, E, B.
  • DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell is called chromatin.
  • The cell in the second image is in anaphase.
  • Cells spend most of their time doing their job in interphase.
  • Spindle fibers grow from structures called centrioles.
  • The cell cycle phase in which the cell makes needed organelles is called the G1 phase.
  • Chromosomes that are the same size, shape, and carry genes for the same traits are called homologous chromosomes.
  • FALSE, based on the image, the chromosomes are not identical.
  • Telophase is the phase of mitosis that follows anaphase.
  • The phase in which the nucleus is visible and DNA is spread out as chromatin is interphase.
  • The phase of mitosis where the chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell is anaphase.
  • FALSE – Chromatids of a chromosome are identical.
  • Microtubule fibers that pull the chromosomes are called spindle fibers.
  • Cells stop dividing during the G0 phase.
  • The phase of the cell cycle that follows G1 is the S phase.
  • The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, and spindle fibers and centrioles appear during prophase.
  • The cells in the third image are in telophase.
  • The phase of the cell cycle in which the nuclear membrane and nucleolus return is telophase.
  • The 3 phases that make up interphase are G1, S, and G2.
  • The cytoplasm splits during cytokinesis.
  • Chromosomes spread out (unwind) into chromatin during telophase.
  • The cell in the fourth image is in anaphase.
  • The dividing wall is called the cell plate.
  • If a cell has 34 chromosomes, it has 68 chromatids.
  • The process happening in the figure is crossing over.
  • This occurs in prophase I in meiosis.
  • The event that pulled the two chromosomes next to each other is synapsis.
  • The terms to add to the Venn diagram comparing mitosis and meiosis are listed below.
    • Mitosis: Occurs in body (somatic) cells, produces cells that are identical to each other, cell divides only once
    • Meiosis: Produces haploid cells, occurs in germ cells (produces sex cells), produces 4 cells, has 2 separate divisions, new cells are different from each other, in humans produces cells with 23 chromosomes, homologous chromosomes line up paired with each other, homologous chromosomes do not line up next to each other.
    • Both: Occurs in plant and animal cells, in humans produces cells with 46 chromosomes, involves cellular division, DNA is copied once, produces 2 cells, produces diploid cells

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