Cell Division Processes and Phases
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Questions and Answers

What happens before the nucleus starts dividing in mitosis?

The DNA replicates

During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division?

Interphase

What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis?

Two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell

During which stage of interphase do chromosomes make a copy of themselves?

<p>S</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an accurate comparison of cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

<p>Animal cells have flexible membranes and plant cells develop a cell plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell cycle describes the processes that take place as a cell ______________.

<p>forms new cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the S phase of interphase important in cell division?

<p>So a copy of nuclear DNA can be made available for each new daughter cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

<p>It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process produces the most variation within a species?

<p>Sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different?

<p>Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but sexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is present in offspring produced by sexual reproduction, but is missing in offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

<p>An independent assortment of parent chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the process of meiosis important to sexual reproduction?

<p>It provides genetic variation in offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant's root cell has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in its pollen cell?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?

<p>The spindle begins to form</p> Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes can exchange DNA in a process known as what?

<p>Crossing over in meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is an example of asexual reproduction?

<p>An amoeba divides in half to form two amoebas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis produces _________ cells, which are _______. Meiosis produces ________ cells, which are ________.

<p>somatic, diploid, gametes, haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mitosis?

<p>A type of cell division in which each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase?

<p>Two nuclear membranes form, nucleoli reappear, chromosomes unwind into chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the G1 phase?

<p>The cell grows and prepares for cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the S phase?

<p>The cell replicates/duplicates DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during interphase?

<p>The cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during prophase?

<p>Chromatin condenses into chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during metaphase?

<p>Chromosomes line up along an imaginary line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaphase?

<p>Chromosomes break at centromeres and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the G2 phase?

<p>The cell grows and makes cell parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cancer?

<p>A disease caused by the uncontrolled division of body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during cytokinesis?

<p>Cellular membrane cleaves (pinches) the cell into two</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?

<p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?

<p>two identical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which results in genetic variation, mitosis or meiosis?

<p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, the chromosome number is ____________.

<p>halved</p> Signup and view all the answers

During mitosis, the chromosome number is the __________ as the original cell.

<p>same</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division Processes

  • Mitosis Overview: A type of cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells.
  • Meiosis Overview: A process resulting in four haploid gametes, essential for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.
  • Cell Cycle Phases: Comprises interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis).

Interphase

  • Growth and Preparation: Cells grow and prepare for division during interphase.
  • S Phase: Chromosomes duplicate to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of DNA.
  • G1 Phase: Initial growth phase where cells increase in size and prepare for DNA replication.
  • G2 Phase: Second growth phase where the cell prepares for mitosis by producing necessary proteins and organelles.

Mitosis Details

  • Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
  • Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the cell's equator.
  • Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
  • Telophase: Nuclear membranes re-form, and chromatin unwinds, concluding mitosis.
  • Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, creating two separate cells.

Meiosis Details

  • Importance of Meiosis: Halves the chromosome number, generating genetic variation through independent assortment and crossing over.
  • Crossing Over: Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity in offspring.
  • Result: Produces four non-identical haploid cells from one diploid cell.
  • Gametogenesis: The formation of gametes through meiosis is crucial for sexual reproduction.

Genetic Variation

  • Sources of Variation: Meiosis introduces genetic diversity through crossover and independent assortment, unlike mitosis, which produces identical cells.
  • Asexual Reproduction: Produces genetically identical offspring, lacking variation from sexual reproduction.

Chromosome Count

  • Chromosome Halving in Meiosis: If a cell has 8 chromosomes, the resulting gametes will have 4 chromosomes.
  • Mitosis vs Meiosis: Mitosis maintains the same chromosome number; meiosis reduces it by half.

Cancer and Cell Division

  • Cancer Definition: A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division, leading to tumor formation.

Summary of Daughter Cells

  • Mitosis Results: Two identical diploid daughter cells.
  • Meiosis Results: Four genetically varied haploid daughter cells.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts of cell division, including mitosis and meiosis. You'll explore the phases of the cell cycle and the specific events that occur during each phase, such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and cytokinesis. Test your understanding of how these processes contribute to genetic continuity and diversity.

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