Cell Division in Eukaryotes: Mitosis vs. Meiosis
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Cell Division in Eukaryotes: Mitosis vs. Meiosis

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Questions and Answers

During which phase of the cell cycle do cells increase in size and replicate their DNA?

  • G2 phase
  • G1 phase (correct)
  • Mitotic phase
  • S phase

    • What is the function of a centromere during cell division?

  • Produces a nucleolus
  • Forms sister chromatids
  • Binds microtubules of the spindle to the chromosome (correct)
  • Initiates DNA replication

    • During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes?

  • Prophase
  • Anaphase (correct)
  • Telophase
  • Metaphase

    • What happens during prophase of mitosis?

    <p>Chromosomes begin to condense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cohesins during cell division?

    <p>Hold sister chromatids together until anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>Create genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase do homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in meiosis?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle serves as the main microtubule organizing center of the cell?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>Meiosis results in daughter cells with different genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during prometaphase of mitosis?

    <p>Chromosomes condense and compact further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the spindle to attach to chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>Centrosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle marks a phase where the cell has stopped dividing and left the cycle?

    <p>G0 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for forming the nuclear envelope during telophase?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

    <p>Separate chromosomes during anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the synaptonemal complex in meiosis?

    <p>Hold homologous chromosomes together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the cell cycle involves replication of DNA?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a nucleolus during cell division?

    <p>Produces ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cohesins during anaphase of mitosis?

    <p>They separate sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the centromere during cell division?

    <p>It is where spindle fibers attach to move and separate chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cohesins during cell division?

    <p>Holding sister chromatids together until anaphase when they separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes begin to condense?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the late G2 phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>The centrosome is duplicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves cells increasing in size and replicating their DNA?

    <p>Gap 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in spindle attachment between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>In mitosis, sister chromatids attach to the spindle, while in meiosis, homologous pairs attach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>To increase genetic diversity by creating unique combinations of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase does spindle attachment differ between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to chromosome number during meiosis II?

    <p>It remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Anaphase I of meiosis that differs from Anaphase in mitosis?

    <p>Homologous pairs are separated in Anaphase I but not in mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of cohesins during cell division?

    <p>Holding sister chromatids together until anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During late G2 phase of the cell cycle, what has the cell already done?

    <p>Replicated its DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during prometaphase of mitosis?

    <p>Sister chromatids separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the centrosome during cell division?

    <p>Organizing microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the spindle during mitosis?

    <p>Organizing microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Anaphase I of meiosis and Anaphase of mitosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes separate in Anaphase I of meiosis, while sister chromatids separate in Anaphase of mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the synaptonemal complex in meiosis?

    <p>To hold homologous chromosomes together during Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Meiosis II following Meiosis I?

    <p>To produce haploid cells with non-duplicated chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Meiosis I - Prophase I, what process occurs between paired chromosomes?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the spindle attachments differ between Metaphase I of meiosis and Metaphase of mitosis?

    <p>In meiosis Metaphase I, homologue pairs attach to spindles on opposite sides; in mitosis Metaphase, sister chromatids attach to the spindle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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