38 Questions
During which phase of the cell cycle do cells increase in size and replicate their DNA?
G1 phase
What is the function of a centromere during cell division?
Binds microtubules of the spindle to the chromosome
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes?
Anaphase
What happens during prophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes begin to condense
What is the role of cohesins during cell division?
Hold sister chromatids together until anaphase
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?
Create genetic variation
In which phase do homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in meiosis?
Metaphase I
Which organelle serves as the main microtubule organizing center of the cell?
Centrosome
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number?
Meiosis results in daughter cells with different genetic information
What happens during prometaphase of mitosis?
Chromosomes condense and compact further
What causes the spindle to attach to chromosomes during cell division?
Centrosomes
Which phase of the cell cycle marks a phase where the cell has stopped dividing and left the cycle?
G0 phase
Which organelle is responsible for forming the nuclear envelope during telophase?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the main function of the mitotic spindle during cell division?
Separate chromosomes during anaphase
What is the function of the synaptonemal complex in meiosis?
Hold homologous chromosomes together
Which stage of the cell cycle involves replication of DNA?
Interphase
What is the role of a nucleolus during cell division?
Produces ribosomes
What happens to cohesins during anaphase of mitosis?
They separate sister chromatids
What is the role of the centromere during cell division?
It is where spindle fibers attach to move and separate chromosomes.
What is the main function of cohesins during cell division?
Holding sister chromatids together until anaphase when they separate.
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes begin to condense?
Prophase
What happens during the late G2 phase of the cell cycle?
The centrosome is duplicated.
Which phase of the cell cycle involves cells increasing in size and replicating their DNA?
Gap 1
What is the main difference in spindle attachment between mitosis and meiosis?
In mitosis, sister chromatids attach to the spindle, while in meiosis, homologous pairs attach.
What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?
To increase genetic diversity by creating unique combinations of genes.
In which phase does spindle attachment differ between mitosis and meiosis?
Metaphase I
What happens to chromosome number during meiosis II?
It remains the same.
What occurs during Anaphase I of meiosis that differs from Anaphase in mitosis?
Homologous pairs are separated in Anaphase I but not in mitosis.
What is the main role of cohesins during cell division?
Holding sister chromatids together until anaphase
During late G2 phase of the cell cycle, what has the cell already done?
Replicated its DNA
What happens during prometaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids separate
What is the primary role of the centrosome during cell division?
Organizing microtubules
What is the function of the spindle during mitosis?
Organizing microtubules
What is the main difference between Anaphase I of meiosis and Anaphase of mitosis?
Homologous chromosomes separate in Anaphase I of meiosis, while sister chromatids separate in Anaphase of mitosis.
What is the role of the synaptonemal complex in meiosis?
To hold homologous chromosomes together during Prophase I
What is the significance of Meiosis II following Meiosis I?
To produce haploid cells with non-duplicated chromosomes
During Meiosis I - Prophase I, what process occurs between paired chromosomes?
Crossing over
How do the spindle attachments differ between Metaphase I of meiosis and Metaphase of mitosis?
In meiosis Metaphase I, homologue pairs attach to spindles on opposite sides; in mitosis Metaphase, sister chromatids attach to the spindle.
Learn about the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells through the phases of mitosis and meiosis. Understand how mitosis leads to the formation of genetically identical somatic cells, while meiosis is responsible for the production of gametes with genetic variation.
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