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Questions and Answers
During meiosis, each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
During meiosis, each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
False (B)
Cohesin complexes hold homologous chromosomes together until anaphase.
Cohesin complexes hold homologous chromosomes together until anaphase.
False (B)
The spindle checkpoint is a quality control mechanism that ensures chromosomes are properly attached to the centromeres.
The spindle checkpoint is a quality control mechanism that ensures chromosomes are properly attached to the centromeres.
False (B)
Aurora B kinase is a protein kinase that regulates the cohesin complexes.
Aurora B kinase is a protein kinase that regulates the cohesin complexes.
Aneuploidy is a condition where a cell has an extra set of chromosomes.
Aneuploidy is a condition where a cell has an extra set of chromosomes.
Microtubules are cylindrical structures that make up the centromeres.
Microtubules are cylindrical structures that make up the centromeres.
Maharashtra State Board provides PDF of 10th Std Science Book for download.
Maharashtra State Board provides PDF of 10th Std Science Book for download.
You can only download Class 10 Science textbook from this website.
You can only download Class 10 Science textbook from this website.
The website only provides resources for undergraduate students.
The website only provides resources for undergraduate students.
You need to create an account to download the Maharashtra 10th Class Science textbook.
You need to create an account to download the Maharashtra 10th Class Science textbook.
The website provides resources only in the English language.
The website provides resources only in the English language.
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Study Notes
Chromosome Segregation in Cell Division
Overview
- Chromosome segregation is the process by which chromosomes are distributed equally between two daughter cells during cell division.
- Ensures genetic material is replicated accurately and passed on to daughter cells.
Mechanisms of Chromosome Segregation
- Mitosis:
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
- Meiosis:
- Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Each daughter cell receives a haploid set of chromosomes.
Key Players in Chromosome Segregation
- Kinetochores: Protein structures that form on centromeres, attaching to microtubules and guiding chromosome movement.
- Microtubules: Cylindrical structures that make up the spindle fibers, providing a "track" for chromosomes to move along.
- Cohesin complexes: Proteins that hold sister chromatids together until anaphase, ensuring proper segregation.
Regulation of Chromosome Segregation
- Spindle checkpoint: A quality control mechanism that ensures chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle fibers before anaphase.
- Aurora B kinase: A protein kinase that monitors chromosome segregation and regulates the spindle checkpoint.
Errors in Chromosome Segregation
- Aneuploidy: A condition where a cell has an abnormal number of chromosomes, often resulting from errors in chromosome segregation.
- Chromosomal abnormalities: Can lead to genetic disorders, cancer, or cell death.
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