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Questions and Answers
What is the main event that occurs during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle?
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the completion of DNA replication?
What is the primary function of mitosis?
What characterizes the metaphase stage of mitosis?
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How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cell after cytokinesis?
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What is formed during cytokinesis in plant cells?
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Which statement is true regarding cellular division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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What type of structure is a spindle fiber?
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What phase follows metaphase in mitosis?
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Which structure is significant for organizing spindle fibers?
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Which of the following is not a reason cells divide?
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What shape does the chromosome of a bacterium have?
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What is the region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids are held together called?
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Which of the following best describes chromatids?
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What occurs when a chromosome condenses?
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How does DNA become more compact within a cell?
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What happens during cell division in a bacterium?
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Which phase of the cell cycle occupies most of an average cell's life?
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What characterizes the synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle?
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What are the first three phases of the cell cycle collectively known as?
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Study Notes
Cell Division Reasons
- Cells divide for several reasons:
- To grow and develop
- To replace damaged or worn-out cells
- To maintain a healthy surface area-to-volume ratio
Chromosome Structure in Prokaryotes
- Bacterial chromosomes are circular and not wrapped around proteins.
- They are found in the cytoplasm, not within a nucleus, as they lack a nucleus.
Chromosome Structure in Eukaryotes
- The region where sister chromatids are held together is called a centromere.
- Sister chromatids are duplicated strands of genetic material joined at the centromere.
- Chromosomes condense by looping domains coiling into a compact structure for efficient packing within the cell.
DNA Compaction
- DNA compacts by wrapping tightly around histones, forming a structure that is tightly coiled, allowing it to fit within the cell's nucleus.
Bacterial Cell Division
- Bacterial cell division occurs through a process called binary fission.
- During binary fission, the DNA is copied, a new cell wall forms between the DNA copies, and the cell splits into two cells.
The Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle consists of several stages:
- G1 (Gap 1): Cell growth and normal metabolic activity.
- S (Synthesis): DNA replication.
- G2 (Gap 2): Preparation for cell division.
- Mitosis: Nuclear division.
- Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm.
- G1 is the longest phase in the cell cycle for most cells.
- The cell cycle proceeds in a specific sequence: G1 -> S -> G2 -> Mitosis -> Cytokinesis
The Phases of Mitosis
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the equator of the cell.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil.
Cytokinesis
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, which follows mitosis.
- In animal cells, cytokinesis involves a cleavage furrow forming at the cell's equator, pinching the cell in two.
- In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the daughter cells, eventually developing into new cell walls.
Key Differences in Eukaryotic Cell Division
- Plant cells and animal cells have different mechanisms for cytokinesis.
- Prokaryotes do not undergo mitosis or meiosis.
- Eukaryotic chromosomes are not circular; they are linear (rod-shaped).
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Description
Explore the fascinating processes of cell division and the structure of chromosomes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Understand how cells grow, replace damaged parts, and maintain genetic material organization. This quiz covers essential topics related to cellular biology and genetics.
