Cell Division Basics
29 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary outcome of cell division in asexual reproduction?

  • Production of gametes with unique gene combinations.
  • Development of specialized cells for different functions.
  • Creation of genetically diverse offspring.
  • Formation of genetically identical offspring. (correct)

    • Which of the following processes relies on cell division to maintain the integrity and function of multicellular organisms?

  • Formation of gametes during sexual reproduction.
  • Growth and repair of tissues and organs. (correct)
  • Asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms.
  • Differentiation of cells during embryonic development.

    • How does sexual reproduction contribute to genetic variation among offspring?

  • By producing offspring genetically identical to the parent.
  • Through the fusion of identical gametes from a single parent.
  • By generating gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. (correct)
  • By ensuring each offspring receives an exact copy of the parent's genes.

    • In multicellular organisms, what is the role of cell division after the organism has fully developed?

    <p>To renew and repair tissues by replacing dead cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction in terms of offspring genetic similarity to parents?

    <p>Sexual reproduction produces offspring with unique gene combinations, while asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consider a scenario where a sea star regenerates a lost arm, eventually forming a complete new organism from that single arm. What type of reproduction is this an example of?

    <p>Asexual reproduction, where clones are generated form fragmented pieces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

    <p>To facilitate growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process relies on meiosis?

    <p>Producing egg and sperm cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cell division in a single-celled organism like an amoeba?

    <p>Reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which prokaryotes, such as bacteria, typically reproduce?

    <p>Binary fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is binary fission considered a form of asexual reproduction?

    <p>The genetically identical offspring inherit their DNA from a single parent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many genes does a typical human cell contain, in comparison to a typical bacterium?

    <p>Significantly more (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most of the genes in a eukaryotic cell located?

    <p>In the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes called?

    <p>Chromatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does chromatin condense into tightly packed chromosomes?

    <p>As a cell prepares to divide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome called?

    <p>Sister chromatids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sister chromatids during cell division?

    <p>They separate, with one going to each daughter cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the centromere?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?

    <p>Interphase and mitotic phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell double its cytoplasm and replicate its DNA?

    <p>Interphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are damages to mature muscle and nerve cells often irreversible?

    <p>These cells do not divide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cell has 46 chromosomes before duplication, how many chromatids will it have after duplication but before cell division?

    <p>92 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary activity occurring during interphase?

    <p>Metabolic activity and growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subphase of interphase is specifically associated with DNA duplication?

    <p>S phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell make preparations for division?

    <p>G2 phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the cell cycle is typically spent in interphase?

    <p>90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to cells treated with a chemical that prevents DNA synthesis from starting?

    <p>They would be trapped in the G1 phase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processes make up the mitotic phase (M phase) of the cell cycle?

    <p>Mitosis and cytokinesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To ensure each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cell Cycle

    The ordered sequence of events in a eukaryotic cell from formation until division.

    Interphase

    The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing and is metabolically active.

    G1 Phase

    The first gap subphase of interphase where the cell grows and performs normal functions.

    S Phase

    The synthesis phase of interphase where chromosomes are duplicated.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    G2 Phase

    The second gap subphase where the cell prepares for division after DNA synthesis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Mitosis

    The process of dividing a single nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cytokinesis

    The division of cytoplasm and organelles, resulting in two daughter cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Chromatid

    Each of the two duplicate chromosomes that are joined together after chromosome replication in S phase.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Division

    The process by which a parent cell divides to produce daughter cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Asexual Reproduction

    A reproduction method where a single parent creates genetically identical offspring.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sexual Reproduction

    The process involving the fusion of gametes from two parents to produce offspring.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Zygote

    The fertilized egg that develops into an organism.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Genetic Information

    The specific information encoded in genes that is passed from parent to offspring.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Clones

    Genetically identical organisms produced asexually.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Chromosomes

    Structures in the nucleus carrying genes; consist of DNA and proteins.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Binary Fission

    Asexual reproduction where a single parent divides into two identical cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Prokaryotic Chromosome

    Single circular DNA molecule in prokaryotic cells carrying genes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Eukaryotic Chromosomes

    Complex structures consisting of DNA and proteins; grouped into multiple chromosomes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sister Chromatids

    Identical copies of a chromosome, joined at the centromere before cell division.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Centromere

    Region where sister chromatids are joined; important for chromosome separation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Mitotic Phase

    Stage in the cell cycle where actual cell division occurs.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gene Count in Humans

    Human cells contain just under 21,000 genes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Eukaryotic Cell Size

    Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cell Growth and Repair

    Functions of cell division in multicellular organisms to replace damaged cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Cell Division: A Fundamental Biological Process

    • Cell division is crucial for reproduction, growth, and repair in organisms.
    • It ensures genetic consistency across generations, replicating parent cell's chromosome sets in offspring cells.
    • Asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms, like prokaryotes and some multicellular organisms, utilizes division to create identical offspring.
    • Sexual reproduction incorporates a specific division process to create gametes (egg and sperm).
    • Gametes have unique gene combinations, contributing to genetic variation in offspring. Offspring inherit unique combinations from both parents.

    Prokaryotic Cell Division: Binary Fission

    • Prokaryotes, like bacteria and archaea, reproduce asexually via binary fission.
    • Binary fission involves the duplication of the single circular chromosome, followed by cell elongation and division into two identical daughter cells.
    • The process of duplication and distribution of prokaryotic chromosomes is complex; due to the size of their chromosome compared to the cell.

    Eukaryotic Chromosome Duplication

    • Eukaryotic chromosomes are larger and more complex, containing multiple linear DNA molecules.
    • Eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of chromatin, a complex of DNA and proteins.
    • Chromatin exists as diffuse fibers when the cell is not dividing; it condenses into distinct, visible chromosomes for division.
    • Before division, eukaryotic chromosomes duplicate; each chromosome now consists of two sister chromatids connected at the centromere.
    • During division, sister chromatids separate, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of identical chromosomes.

    The Cell Cycle: Interphase and Mitotic Phase

    • The cell cycle is an ordered sequence of events that culminates in cell division.
    • Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle; includes G1, S, and G2 phases.
    • During interphase:
      • Cell growth and metabolic activity are high.
      • Cytoplasm doubles; DNA replicates during the S phase
      • Preparations for division occur during the G2 phase.
    • The mitotic phase (M phase) includes mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).
    • Mitosis guarantees each daughter cell receives an identical chromosome set (high accuracy).
    • Mitosis supports growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

    Cell Cycle Regulation

    • Specific damages (like heart attack or stroke) cannot be reversed because highly specialized cells, in those areas, don't divide.
    • Researchers can prevent DNA synthesis, trapping cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the critical processes involved in cell division, including asexual reproduction through binary fission in prokaryotes and the generation of gametes in sexual reproduction. Understand how these processes ensure genetic consistency and variation across generations.

    More Like This

    Binary Fission Quiz
    3 questions

    Binary Fission Quiz

    EducatedSeal avatar
    EducatedSeal
    Bacterial Cell Division: Binary Fission Process
    30 questions

    Binary Fission Quiz and Flashcards: Bacterial Cell Division Process

    FondEuclid avatar
    FondEuclid
    Cell Division and Reproduction
    30 questions

    Cell Division and Reproduction

    BriskPiccoloTrumpet avatar
    BriskPiccoloTrumpet
    Cellular Reproduction Overview
    45 questions

    Cellular Reproduction Overview

    PeacefulRoseQuartz1513 avatar
    PeacefulRoseQuartz1513
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser