Cell Cycle: Interphase
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

  • To accumulate building blocks of chromosomal DNA and energy reserves (correct)
  • To organize cell division
  • To replicate DNA molecules
  • To replenish energy stores

    • What is the stage in which the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide?

  • G2 phase
  • S phase
  • G1 phase
  • G0 phase (correct)

    • What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

  • DNA replication proceeds to form identical pairs of DNA molecules (correct)
  • The cell accumulates building blocks of chromosomal DNA
  • The cell replenishes its energy stores
  • The cell synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation

    • What is the purpose of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?

    <p>To prepare for the mitotic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells undergo mitosis?

    <p>Somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the S phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>The formation of sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage in which the cell undergoes normal growth processes?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>The cell replenishes its energy stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mitosis?

    <p>To duplicate all of the cell's contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the nuclear division phase of mitosis?

    <p>Karyokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kinetochore in mitosis?

    <p>To attract and bind mitotic spindle microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

    <p>It starts to dissociate into small vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of uncontrolled cell division?

    <p>Cancer and tumor formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mitotic spindle microtubules in mitosis?

    <p>To move sister chromatids to opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to organelles such as the Golgi complex during prophase?

    <p>They fragment and disperse towards the periphery of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two daughter cells?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Interphase

    • Interphase is the period of preparation for a cell to divide and start the cell cycle.
    • The cell undergoes normal growth processes, gathers nutrients and energy, and prepares for cell division.
    • The parent cell makes a copy of its DNA to share equally between the two daughter cells.
    • Interphase consists of three stages: G1 (first gap stage), S (synthesis stage), and G2 (second gap stage).

    G1 Phase (First Gap)

    • G1 phase is the first stage of interphase where the cell accumulates building blocks of chromosomal DNA and associated proteins.
    • The cell also gathers sufficient energy reserves to complete DNA replication.
    • The G0 phase (resting phase) is a phase where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide, but performs regulatory and basic cellular functions.

    S Phase (Synthesis of DNA)

    • The S phase is the stage where DNA replication proceeds to form identical pairs of DNA molecules (sister chromatids) attached to the centromeric region.
    • The centrosome duplicates, and centrioles develop to help organize cell division.

    G2 Phase (Second Gap)

    • The G2 phase is the stage where the cell replenishes its energy stores exhausted during DNA replication and synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation.
    • Some cell organelles duplicate, and the cytoskeleton disintegrates to provide resources for the mitotic phase.

    Mitosis

    • Mitosis is the division of somatic cells that make up most of the body's tissues and organs.
    • Mitosis undergoes multistep processes during which a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes and organelles.

    Phases of Mitosis

    • Prophase is the first step in mitotic cell division where the nuclear envelope starts to dissociate, chromosomes become more condensed, and centrosomes move to opposite poles.
    • Metaphase is the second step where all chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate or equatorial plane.

    Cell Division

    • Mitosis produces two new identical daughter cells after the duplicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and moved into respective poles.
    • The first phase of mitosis is called karyokinesis (nuclear division), and the second phase is called cytokinesis (physical separation of cytoplasmic components).

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    Description

    Learn about the interphase stage of the cell cycle, including its three stages: G1, S, and G2. Understand how the cell prepares for division and replicates DNA.

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