16 Questions
What is the primary function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
To accumulate building blocks of chromosomal DNA and energy reserves
What is the stage in which the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide?
G0 phase
What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA replication proceeds to form identical pairs of DNA molecules
What is the purpose of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?
To prepare for the mitotic phase
What type of cells undergo mitosis?
Somatic cells
What is the result of the S phase of the cell cycle?
The formation of sister chromatids
What is the stage in which the cell undergoes normal growth processes?
Interphase
What occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
The cell replenishes its energy stores
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
To duplicate all of the cell's contents
What is the term for the nuclear division phase of mitosis?
Karyokinesis
What is the function of the kinetochore in mitosis?
To attract and bind mitotic spindle microtubules
What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
It starts to dissociate into small vesicles
What is the result of uncontrolled cell division?
Cancer and tumor formation
What is the purpose of the mitotic spindle microtubules in mitosis?
To move sister chromatids to opposite poles
What happens to organelles such as the Golgi complex during prophase?
They fragment and disperse towards the periphery of the cell
What is the term for the physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
Study Notes
Interphase
- Interphase is the period of preparation for a cell to divide and start the cell cycle.
- The cell undergoes normal growth processes, gathers nutrients and energy, and prepares for cell division.
- The parent cell makes a copy of its DNA to share equally between the two daughter cells.
- Interphase consists of three stages: G1 (first gap stage), S (synthesis stage), and G2 (second gap stage).
G1 Phase (First Gap)
- G1 phase is the first stage of interphase where the cell accumulates building blocks of chromosomal DNA and associated proteins.
- The cell also gathers sufficient energy reserves to complete DNA replication.
- The G0 phase (resting phase) is a phase where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide, but performs regulatory and basic cellular functions.
S Phase (Synthesis of DNA)
- The S phase is the stage where DNA replication proceeds to form identical pairs of DNA molecules (sister chromatids) attached to the centromeric region.
- The centrosome duplicates, and centrioles develop to help organize cell division.
G2 Phase (Second Gap)
- The G2 phase is the stage where the cell replenishes its energy stores exhausted during DNA replication and synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation.
- Some cell organelles duplicate, and the cytoskeleton disintegrates to provide resources for the mitotic phase.
Mitosis
- Mitosis is the division of somatic cells that make up most of the body's tissues and organs.
- Mitosis undergoes multistep processes during which a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes and organelles.
Phases of Mitosis
- Prophase is the first step in mitotic cell division where the nuclear envelope starts to dissociate, chromosomes become more condensed, and centrosomes move to opposite poles.
- Metaphase is the second step where all chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate or equatorial plane.
Cell Division
- Mitosis produces two new identical daughter cells after the duplicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and moved into respective poles.
- The first phase of mitosis is called karyokinesis (nuclear division), and the second phase is called cytokinesis (physical separation of cytoplasmic components).
Learn about the interphase stage of the cell cycle, including its three stages: G1, S, and G2. Understand how the cell prepares for division and replicates DNA.
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