Cell Division and Reproduction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is cell division?

  • Programmed cell death
  • Series of events in which a cell grows
  • Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells (correct)
  • Process of reproduction involving two parents

    • What is asexual reproduction?

  • Process involving a single parent resulting in genetically identical offspring (correct)
  • Process involving two parents
  • Type of fertilization
  • Formation of new organs

    • What is sexual reproduction?

  • Cellular programming
  • Reproduction by cell division
  • Reproduction involving two parents that unite (correct)
  • Division of cytoplasm

    • What is a chromosome?

    <p>Threadlike structure of DNA and protein containing genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chromatin?

    <p>Substance in eukaryotic chromosomes consisting of DNA coiled around histones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cell cycle?

    <p>Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during interphase?

    <p>The period between cell divisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mitosis?

    <p>Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the nucleus divides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytokinesis?

    <p>Division of the cytoplasm to form new daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prophase?

    <p>First and longest phase of mitosis where genetic material condenses and chromosomes become visible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chromatid?

    <p>One of two identical 'sister' parts of a duplicated chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a centromere?

    <p>Region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids attach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a centriole?

    <p>Structure in an animal cell that helps organize cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during metaphase?

    <p>Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during anaphase?

    <p>Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is telophase?

    <p>Phase of mitosis where distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread into chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are growth factors?

    <p>External regulatory proteins that stimulate growth and division of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cyclin?

    <p>Family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is apoptosis?

    <p>Process of programmed cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cancer?

    <p>Disorder in which some cells lose the ability to control growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tumor?

    <p>Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an embryo?

    <p>Developing stage of a multicellular organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is differentiation?

    <p>Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are totipotent cells?

    <p>Cells able to develop into any type of cell in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a blastocyte?

    <p>Stage of early development in mammals consisting of a hollow ball of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pluripotent cells?

    <p>Cells capable of developing into most, but not all, body cell types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are stem cells?

    <p>Unspecialized cells that can give rise to specialized cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are multipotent cells?

    <p>Cells with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Division and Reproduction

    • Cell division is the process by which a single cell divides, resulting in two new daughter cells.
    • Asexual reproduction involves one parent, yielding genetically identical offspring.
    • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of cells from two parents, forming a new organism's first cell.

    Chromosomes and Chromatin

    • Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of DNA and protein, containing genetic information.
    • In eukaryotes, chromosomes reside in the nucleus, whereas prokaryotes have them in the cytoplasm.
    • Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins (histones) found in eukaryotic chromosomes.

    Cell Cycle and Phases

    • The cell cycle consists of events where a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into daughter cells.
    • Interphase is the phase between cell divisions, focusing on growth and preparation.
    • Mitosis is the process of nucleus division in eukaryotic cells, followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm.

    Stages of Mitosis

    • Prophase is the first phase where genetic material condenses, making chromosomes visible.
    • Metaphase involves chromosomes aligning at the cell's center.
    • Anaphase is where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite cell poles.
    • Telophase sees the chromosomes beginning to spread out into chromatin.

    Regulatory Proteins and Cancer

    • Growth factors are external proteins that stimulate cell growth and division.
    • Cyclins regulate the eukaryotic cell cycle by influencing developmental processes.
    • Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death, a crucial process for removing unhealthy cells.
    • Cancer is a disorder where cells lose control over their growth, leading to unregulated division.

    Tumors and Embryonic Development

    • A tumor is a mass of rapidly dividing cells that can impair neighboring tissues.
    • An embryo is the early developmental stage of multicellular organisms.
    • Differentiation is when cells specialize in structure and function during development.

    Stem Cells and Potency

    • Totipotent cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body.
    • Blastocyst is an early developmental stage in mammals, characterized by a hollow ball of cells.
    • Pluripotent cells can become most, but not all, cell types in the organism.
    • Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can develop into one or more cell types.
    • Multipotent cells have a restricted ability to turn into multiple types of specialized cells.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of cell division and reproduction processes, including asexual and sexual reproduction. Explore the structure of chromosomes, the cell cycle, and the phases of mitosis. This quiz will reinforce your knowledge of fundamental biological concepts related to cells.

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