Cell Division and Regulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What initiates the cell cycle in a cell?

  • TGF-b receptors
  • Damaged DNA
  • Cell metabolism monitors
  • Growth factors (correct)

Which phase of the cell cycle follows the S-phase and precedes mitosis?

  • M-phase
  • G1
  • R-point
  • G2 (correct)

What is the main goal of mitosis in a cell?

  • Replicating the genome
  • Preparation for cell division
  • Even distribution of genomic material (correct)
  • Activation of growth factors

In which phase of the cell cycle do all the chromosomes become visible?

<p>M-phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial for cells to stick to the order of events in the cell cycle?

<p>To prevent 4n cells after 2 rounds of replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ensures that cells maintain the order of events in the cell cycle?

<p>Mechanism in place (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a plant alkaloid binding to tubulin dimers during cell division?

<p>Continued disassembly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is commonly associated with high expression of estrogen receptors?

<p>Breast cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of anti-cancer drugs, what is the mechanism of action of tamoxifen?

<p>Binds to estrogen receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do leuprolide and goserelin contribute to cancer treatment?

<p>Cease testosterone production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using anti-cancer drugs with different modes of action in combination?

<p>Enhances treatment effectiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for microtubules not to remain attached to chromosomes after cell division is complete?

<p>Ensures accurate chromosome segregation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) in the cell cycle?

<p>Blocks replication of DNA during S-phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CKI (inhibitor protein) in the cell cycle?

<p>Binds to and inhibits CDK function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step ensures the activation of CDK in the cell cycle?

<p>Cyclin phosphorylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is an error in the cell cycle process?

<p>Binding of CKI to CDK (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is cyclin CDK complex activity regulated at the start of the cell cycle?

<p>Presence of phosphates blocking CDK activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the cell cycle regulation mechanism in humans from simple organisms?

<p>Presence of multiple cyclins and CDKs in humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What initiates the cell cycle?

External signals that trigger the start of the cell cycle.

What phase follows S-phase?

The phase following the S-phase (DNA replication) and preceding mitosis.

What is the goal of mitosis?

The main goal of mitosis is to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.

In which phase are chromosomes visible?

The M-phase is when chromosomes become visible and condense, preparing for separation.

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Why is cell cycle order important?

A strict order of events in the cell cycle prevents cells from getting stuck in one phase or having too much DNA duplicated.

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How is cell cycle order maintained?

A complex mechanism ensures that the cell cycle proceeds in the correct order and doesn't skip steps or repeat them.

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What happens when a plant alkaloid binds to tubulin dimers?

A plant alkaloid binding to tubulin dimers prevents microtubules from assembling properly, which disrupts cell division.

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What type of cancer is linked to estrogen receptors?

Breast cancer is often associated with an overexpression of estrogen receptors, which can fuel the growth of cancer cells.

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How does tamoxifen work?

Tamoxifen is an anti-cancer drug that blocks estrogen receptors, preventing them from promoting cancer cell growth.

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What is the mechanism of action of leuprolide and goserelin?

Leuprolide and goserelin are drugs that reduce the production of testosterone, which can help treat cancers that are reliant on this hormone, such as prostate cancer.

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Why use multiple anti-cancer drugs?

Combining anti-cancer drugs with different mechanisms of action can enhance treatment effectiveness by attacking cancer cells from multiple angles.

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Why should microtubules detach after division?

Microtubules must detach from chromosomes after cell division to ensure that the chromosomes are properly separated and that the daughter cells receive the correct number of chromosomes.

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What is the function of CDK?

CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) plays a role in regulating the cell cycle by phosphorylating proteins and activating or inhibiting their functions.

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What is the role of CKI?

CKI (inhibitor protein) binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK, preventing it from phosphorylating target proteins and regulating the cell cycle.

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How is CDK activated?

The activation of CDK depends on the phosphorylation of cyclin, which is a protein that binds to and activates CDK.

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What happens if there is an error?

An error in the cell cycle can trigger the binding of CKI to CDK, which inhibits CDK activity and halts the cell cycle to prevent further errors.

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How is cyclin CDK regulated at the start?

The activity of cyclin CDK complex is regulated at the beginning of the cell cycle by phosphates that block the active site of CDK, preventing it from phosphorylating target proteins.

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How does cell cycle regulation differ in humans?

In humans, cell cycle regulation is more complex, involving multiple cyclins and CDKs that interact with each other to control the cell cycle with greater precision.

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