CR Biology A M3L1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary process through which all cells originate?

  • Cell division (correct)
  • Cell differentiation
  • Cell fusion
  • Cell synthesis

    • What happens to cells after they reach their maximum size?

  • They begin to degrade
  • They undergo hypertrophy
  • They undergo apoptosis
  • They divide into two new cells (correct)

    • How do prokaryotic cells primarily divide?

  • Meiosis
  • Budding
  • Binary fission (correct)
  • Mitosis

    • What is one major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding cell division?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells contain multiple chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of binary fission in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Formation of spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During cell division, what does a chromosome consist of?

    <p>DNA and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'daughter cells' refer to?

    <p>Cells formed from the division of a parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cell division generally simpler in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the binary fission process?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells during cell division?

    <p>They contain multiple organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA replication before cell division?

    <p>To ensure each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does chromosome segregation occur?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms around the two daughter cells during cell division?

    <p>A new cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that divides the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about cytokinesis?

    <p>It occurs after mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed once the chromosomes are separated during mitosis?

    <p>Two identical daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the nuclear membrane during mitosis?

    <p>It breaks down and then reforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sets of chromosomes does each daughter cell receive after mitosis?

    <p>Two sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur to all the DNA in a eukaryotic cell prior to cell division?

    <p>It must be duplicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell division in eukaryotes involves only a single step known as mitosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, a eukaryotic cell produces two identical chromosomes from one chromosome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokinesis is the step in cell division where the chromosome number is halved.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives 46 chromosomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nuclear membrane reforms during the process of cytokinesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cells originate from preexisting cells through the process of cell division.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binary fission is exclusively used by eukaryotic cells for division.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In prokaryotic cell division, DNA replication is one of the initial steps.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The daughter cells formed from binary fission are larger than the parent cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of cell with its characteristic:

    <p>Prokaryotic cell = Single circular chromosome Eukaryotic cell = Multiple chromosomes in a nucleus Both = Divide to form daughter cells Binary fission = Process of division in prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the steps of binary fission with their descriptions:

    <p>Step 1 = DNA replication occurs Step 2 = Chromosome segregation Step 3 = Separation into two daughter cells Step 4 = Continuous process of cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cell division processes with their descriptions:

    <p>Mitosis = Division in eukaryotic cells Binary fission = Simpler division process Cell cycle = Continuous cycle of cell growth and division Cytokinesis = Division of cytoplasm after mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components with their roles in cell division:

    <p>DNA = Carries genetic information Chromosome = Coiled structure made of DNA Organelle = Cell structure duplicated during division Parent cell = Cell that divides to form daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the statements about cell division to their correct outcomes:

    <p>Cell growth = Results in maximum size Cell division = Produces new cells DNA replication = Prepares genetic material for division Chromosome segregation = Ensures equal distribution of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the steps of cell division in eukaryotes with their descriptions:

    <p>Mitosis = Division of the nucleus Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm DNA replication = Copying of chromosomes Chromosome segregation = Separation of chromosomes to poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the key terms related to eukaryotic cell division with their definitions:

    <p>Diploid = A cell with two sets of chromosomes Daughter cells = Cells produced from cell division Nuclear membrane = Encloses the nucleus during mitosis Plasma membrane = Outer membrane of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phase of mitosis with its main event:

    <p>Prophase = Chromosomes condense and become visible Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the cell's equator Anaphase = Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles Telophase = Nuclear membranes reform around the separated chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components involved in eukaryotic cell division with their roles:

    <p>Chromosomes = Carry genetic information Cytoplasm = Substance where organelles are suspended Cell wall = Structure that forms around daughter cells Centrosomes = Organize microtubules during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements about eukaryotic cell division with their truths:

    <p>Mitosis produces daughter cells = That are genetically identical to the parent cell Cytokinesis occurs after = The completion of mitosis Eukaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes = Compared to prokaryotic cells Cell division complexity = Is increased due to multiple organelles in eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Origin of Cells

    • All cells originate from preexisting cells through cell division.
    • Cells can be simple, like bacteria, or complex, such as muscle or blood cells.
    • An organism begins as a single cell, which divides to form many cells.

    Cell Division Process

    • Cell division is how a parent cell divides to produce two daughter cells.
    • This process consists of a continuous cycle of growth, division, and replication.
    • Prokaryotic cell division is simpler than eukaryotic due to fewer components.

    Prokaryotic Cell Division

    • Prokaryotic cells primarily divide through binary fission.
    • Key steps in binary fission:
      • DNA Replication: The cell copies its DNA to form two identical chromosomes.
      • Chromosome Segregation: The chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell, attaching to the cell membrane.
      • Separation: A new plasma membrane grows inward, and the cytoplasm divides, forming two genetically identical daughter cells.

    Eukaryotic Cell Division

    • Eukaryotic cell division is more complex, involving multiple chromosomes and organelles.
    • Occurs in two main stages:
      • Mitosis: A multi-phase process where the nucleus divides, and chromosomes are sorted to ensure each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes (46 in humans).
      • Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

    Key Concepts

    • Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and protein.
    • Prokaryotic cells typically have a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes housed within a nucleus.
    • Mitosis and cytokinesis are critical for the proper replication and distribution of genetic material during eukaryotic cell division.

    Origin of Cells

    • All cells originate from preexisting cells through cell division.
    • Cells can be simple, like bacteria, or complex, such as muscle or blood cells.
    • An organism begins as a single cell, which divides to form many cells.

    Cell Division Process

    • Cell division is how a parent cell divides to produce two daughter cells.
    • This process consists of a continuous cycle of growth, division, and replication.
    • Prokaryotic cell division is simpler than eukaryotic due to fewer components.

    Prokaryotic Cell Division

    • Prokaryotic cells primarily divide through binary fission.
    • Key steps in binary fission:
      • DNA Replication: The cell copies its DNA to form two identical chromosomes.
      • Chromosome Segregation: The chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell, attaching to the cell membrane.
      • Separation: A new plasma membrane grows inward, and the cytoplasm divides, forming two genetically identical daughter cells.

    Eukaryotic Cell Division

    • Eukaryotic cell division is more complex, involving multiple chromosomes and organelles.
    • Occurs in two main stages:
      • Mitosis: A multi-phase process where the nucleus divides, and chromosomes are sorted to ensure each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes (46 in humans).
      • Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

    Key Concepts

    • Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and protein.
    • Prokaryotic cells typically have a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes housed within a nucleus.
    • Mitosis and cytokinesis are critical for the proper replication and distribution of genetic material during eukaryotic cell division.

    Origin of Cells

    • All cells originate from preexisting cells through cell division.
    • Cells can be simple, like bacteria, or complex, such as muscle or blood cells.
    • An organism begins as a single cell, which divides to form many cells.

    Cell Division Process

    • Cell division is how a parent cell divides to produce two daughter cells.
    • This process consists of a continuous cycle of growth, division, and replication.
    • Prokaryotic cell division is simpler than eukaryotic due to fewer components.

    Prokaryotic Cell Division

    • Prokaryotic cells primarily divide through binary fission.
    • Key steps in binary fission:
      • DNA Replication: The cell copies its DNA to form two identical chromosomes.
      • Chromosome Segregation: The chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell, attaching to the cell membrane.
      • Separation: A new plasma membrane grows inward, and the cytoplasm divides, forming two genetically identical daughter cells.

    Eukaryotic Cell Division

    • Eukaryotic cell division is more complex, involving multiple chromosomes and organelles.
    • Occurs in two main stages:
      • Mitosis: A multi-phase process where the nucleus divides, and chromosomes are sorted to ensure each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes (46 in humans).
      • Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

    Key Concepts

    • Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and protein.
    • Prokaryotic cells typically have a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes housed within a nucleus.
    • Mitosis and cytokinesis are critical for the proper replication and distribution of genetic material during eukaryotic cell division.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating process of cell division and learn how all cells originate from preexisting cells. This quiz will guide you through the stages of cell development from a single cell to complex organisms, emphasizing the significance of this fundamental biological process.

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