Cell Division and Mitosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What occurs to the chromosomes during anaphase?

Chromosomes realign at the equator.

Sister chromatids remain attached.

Chromosomes coil tightly for separation.

Daughter chromosomes are formed after centromeres split. (correct)

Which structures are notably involved in telophase?

Chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin. (correct)

Spindle fibres continue to lengthen.

Nucleolus disappears.

Nuclear envelope breaks down.

What is the primary difference in cytokinesis between animal and plant cells?

Animal cells form a cell plate.

Plant cells form a cleavage furrow.

Vesicles fuse to form a cell wall in animal cells.

Animal cells result in one large cell, while plant cells divide more completely. (correct)

During which stage does the nuclear envelope re-form?

Telophase Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of meiosis does the chromosome number reduce from diploid to haploid?

Meiosis I Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the spindle fibres during telophase?

They disassemble and disappear. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of cell division in animal cells?

Cleavage furrow formation during cytokinesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of uncontrolled mitosis?

Formation of tumors. Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?

RNA and proteins are synthesized. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the S phase of interphase?

Chromosomes are replicated into two chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary event that occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Chromatin condenses into thick coils. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of cytokinesis in cell division?

The division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase are microtubules synthesized for spindle fiber development?

G2 phase Signup and view all the answers

What do sister chromatids do during metaphase?

Line up at the metaphase plate. Signup and view all the answers

What structural change occurs to the nuclear envelope during mitosis?

It dissolves and breaks down. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between karyokinesis and cytokinesis?

Karyokinesis is the division of the nucleus, whereas cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs at the chiasmata during meiosis?

Crossing over occurs Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bivalents during metaphase I of meiosis?

They align at the metaphase plate Signup and view all the answers

Which event helps generate genetic variation during meiosis?

Independent assortment Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes separate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures disappears during meiosis?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

During telophase I, what happens to the chromosomes?

They de-condense Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having a haploid chromosome set at the end of meiosis I?

It prepares for fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Which event describes the random arrangement of chromosomes during meiosis?

Independent assortment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of mitosis in organisms?

To repair damaged cells Signup and view all the answers

What is karyokinesis?

Division and distribution of genetic material Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Meiosis produces four daughter cells, while mitosis produces two. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does cytokinesis occur?

Telophase Signup and view all the answers

Why is meiosis essential for reproduction?

It creates cells with reduced chromosome numbers. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle comes between interphase and the next cell division?

M phase Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the chromosome sets after mitosis?

Each daughter cell has the same chromosome set as the parent cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis regarding the genetic material in daughter cells?

Daughter cells have varied genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Concept of Cell Division

Cell division is a crucial biological process where new cells are generated from existing ones.
Enables organismal growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.

Mitosis

Mitosis produces two daughter nuclei, each with an identical set of chromosomes (2n, diploid).
Key purposes include growth, healing damaged tissues, and asexual reproduction (e.g., binary fission).
Karyokinesis: Nuclear division ensuring distribution of genetic material.
Cytokinesis: Cytoplasmic division resulting in two distinct daughter cells.

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle consists of several stages: Interphase, M Phase (Mitosis/Meiosis), and Cytokinesis.
Interphase has three distinct phases:
- G1 phase: Cell prepares for division, synthesizing RNA and proteins, lasting at least 10 hours.
- S phase: DNA is duplicated, resulting in chromosomes made of two sister chromatids, taking at least 8 hours.
- G2 phase: Further protein synthesis and growth occur, preparing the spindle fibers for cell division, lasting at least 5 hours.

Stages of Mitosis

Prophase:
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
- Sister chromatids connect at the centromere.
- Nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
- Centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite poles.
Metaphase:
- Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate.
Anaphase:
- Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles as spindle fibers shorten.
Telophase:
- Chromosomes de-condense back to chromatin.
- Nucleolus reappears, and nuclear envelope reforms around each new nucleus.
Cytokinesis Differences:
- In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms, deepening inward to split the cell.
- In plant cells, vesicles form a cell plate that develops into a new cell wall separating the daughter cells.

Meiosis

Meiosis involves two rounds of division (Meiosis I and II) and reduces chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n), specifically for gametes.
Genetic variation is created through processes such as synapsis during Prophase I, where homologous chromosomes pair and recombination occurs.

Stages of Meiosis I

Prophase I:
- Chromatin condenses, nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
- Homologous chromosomes pair up to form bivalents (tetrads) with crossing over at chiasmata.
Metaphase I:
- Bivalents align at the metaphase plate through independent assortment.
Anaphase I:
- Homologous chromosomes separate and migrate towards opposite poles, directed by spindle fibers.
Telophase I:
- Each daughter cell ends up with a complete haploid set of chromosomes.

Summary

Mitosis results in two identical cells for growth and repair, while meiosis leads to genetic diversity essential for reproduction.
The cell cycle consists of interphase and two main phases - Mitosis and Cytokinesis, which are foundational to cell growth and genetic continuity.

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Description

Test your understanding of cell division, focusing on the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis. This quiz covers the stages of the cell cycle, including Interphase and its phases. Explore the significance of these processes in growth, repair, and reproduction.