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Questions and Answers
Which process is responsible for producing sperm and egg cells?
Mitosis results in the production of haploid cells.
False
What is the primary purpose of cytokinesis?
To divide the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells
During __________, chromosomes replicate and prepare for cell division.
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Match the following stages with their correct descriptions:
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What is the result of somatic cell division?
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Cells in the body are produced through meiosis.
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What are diploid cells?
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What is the role of centrioles during cell division?
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Cytokinesis and telophase occur simultaneously in the cell cycle.
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What do you call the process when haploid gametes fuse to form a zygote?
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Somatic cells are referred to as __________ cells due to their two sets of chromosomes.
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What is the main purpose of meiosis in gamete production?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Meiosis results in daughter cells that are diploid.
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What structure forms during cytokinesis that helps separate the cytoplasm?
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What is the main purpose of meiosis?
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Meiosis consists of only one nuclear division.
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Name the four phases of meiosis I.
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During meiosis, the cells produced contain a __________ number of chromosomes.
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What occurs during the synapsis phase of Prophase I?
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Match the meiosis phases with their descriptions:
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DNA is replicated during the interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II.
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The two primary divisions of meiosis are called __________ division and __________ division.
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Study Notes
Cell Division
- Somatic Cell Division - Single parent cell divides into two daughter cells through mitosis and cytokinesis. The daughter cells have the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent.
- Reproductive Cell Division - Produces sperm and egg cells through meiosis. The process involves nuclear division (meiosis) followed by cytokinesis.
Interphase
- This phase occurs between cell divisions.
- Chromosomes are replicated.
- RNA and proteins for cell growth are produced.
- DNA replicates by partially unfolding, exposing nitrogen bases.
- Complementary nitrogen bases pair with the exposed bases, creating two DNA molecules.
Mitosis
- Occurs after interphase.
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear, centrioles replicate, and spindle fibers appear.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
- Anaphase: Centromeres split, and sister chromatids separate, moving to opposite poles.
- Telophase: Chromosomes uncoil, nuclear membrane reappears, nucleoli reform, spindle fibers disappear, and cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis).
- The result is two daughter cells identical to the parent cell.
Meiosis
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Reduction Division (Meiosis I)
- Occurs in two stages.
- Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear, centrioles replicate, and spindle fibers appear. Homologous chromosomes pair (synapsis), forming tetrads. Crossing-over occurs, exchanging genetic material between chromatids.
- Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.
- Anaphase I: Homologous chromosome pairs separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase I: Chromosomes uncoil, nuclear membrane reappears, nucleoli reform, spindle fibers disappear, and cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis).
-
Equatorial Division (Meiosis II)
- Prophase II: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear, centrioles replicate, and spindle fibers appear.
- Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.
- Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase II: Chromosomes uncoil, nuclear membrane reappears, nucleoli reform, spindle fibers disappear, and cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis).
Key Terms
- Gametes: Sex cells (sperm and egg).
- Zygote: A fertilized egg cell.
- Somatic cells: Body cells (not gametes).
- Homologous chromosomes: Matching pairs of chromosomes.
- Diploid cells: Cells containing two sets of chromosomes (2n).
- Haploid cells: Cells containing one set of chromosomes (n).
Meiosis Facts
- Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells.
- Crossing-over in Prophase I contributes to genetic diversity.
- Meiosis ensures that offspring inherit half their chromosomes from each parent.
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Description
Explore the fascinating processes of cell division, including somatic and reproductive cell division. This quiz covers the stages of mitosis and the important phase of interphase, detailing how chromosomes behave during these critical processes. Test your understanding of cellular reproduction and the mechanisms that ensure genetic continuity.
