Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the process by which a cell makes a perfect copy of itself?
What is the process by which a cell makes a perfect copy of itself?
What happens when cells recognize that it's getting crowded in their neighborhood?
What happens when cells recognize that it's getting crowded in their neighborhood?
What is the process by which a cell recognizes it's damaged and destroys itself?
What is the process by which a cell recognizes it's damaged and destroys itself?
Approximately how many new cells are produced in the human body per day?
Approximately how many new cells are produced in the human body per day?
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What is the estimated frequency of mutations in the human body?
What is the estimated frequency of mutations in the human body?
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What is the result of a cell experiencing a defect and realizing it's damaged?
What is the result of a cell experiencing a defect and realizing it's damaged?
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What is the purpose of apoptosis in the human body?
What is the purpose of apoptosis in the human body?
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What is the implication of 100,000 mutations occurring per day in the human body?
What is the implication of 100,000 mutations occurring per day in the human body?
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What happens to cells with severe mutations in the body?
What happens to cells with severe mutations in the body?
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What is the approximate number of cells in the human body?
What is the approximate number of cells in the human body?
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What is the term for a group of abnormal cells that grow and multiply?
What is the term for a group of abnormal cells that grow and multiply?
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What is the purpose of apoptosis?
What is the purpose of apoptosis?
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Why are mutations in somatic cells not passed on to offspring?
Why are mutations in somatic cells not passed on to offspring?
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What is the term for the process of cell death?
What is the term for the process of cell death?
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What is the result of a cell with a mutation that prevents apoptosis?
What is the result of a cell with a mutation that prevents apoptosis?
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Approximately how many new cells are produced in the human body every day?
Approximately how many new cells are produced in the human body every day?
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What is the term for a visible lump formed by a neoplasm?
What is the term for a visible lump formed by a neoplasm?
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Why are cells considered complex ecosystems?
Why are cells considered complex ecosystems?
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What is the term used to describe a lump of differentiated tissue that is abnormal?
What is the term used to describe a lump of differentiated tissue that is abnormal?
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What does the term 'benign' mean in the context of tumors?
What does the term 'benign' mean in the context of tumors?
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What happens when a benign tumor acquires a mutation that makes it grow rapidly?
What happens when a benign tumor acquires a mutation that makes it grow rapidly?
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What is the term used to describe the process of cancer cells breaking away and traveling to other parts of the body?
What is the term used to describe the process of cancer cells breaking away and traveling to other parts of the body?
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What is the characteristic of cancer cells that allows them to grow rapidly and infiltrate other tissues?
What is the characteristic of cancer cells that allows them to grow rapidly and infiltrate other tissues?
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Why is cancer considered a hard disease to cure?
Why is cancer considered a hard disease to cure?
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What happens when cancer cells replicate rapidly?
What happens when cancer cells replicate rapidly?
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What is the term used to describe the process of cancer cells growing and multiplying rapidly?
What is the term used to describe the process of cancer cells growing and multiplying rapidly?
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What is the result of cancer cells accumulating genetic abnormalities?
What is the result of cancer cells accumulating genetic abnormalities?
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What is the term used to describe the breakdown of DNA replication schemes in cancer cells?
What is the term used to describe the breakdown of DNA replication schemes in cancer cells?
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What is the main reason why cancer cells continue to mutate?
What is the main reason why cancer cells continue to mutate?
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What is the common theme behind all types of cancer?
What is the common theme behind all types of cancer?
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What happens to cells when they break during DNA replication?
What happens to cells when they break during DNA replication?
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What is the difference between benign and cancerous cells?
What is the difference between benign and cancerous cells?
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Why is it a never-ending fight against cancer?
Why is it a never-ending fight against cancer?
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What is the underlying cause of cancer, according to the content?
What is the underlying cause of cancer, according to the content?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
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Which organisms, besides humans, can experience cancer?
Which organisms, besides humans, can experience cancer?
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Study Notes
Cellular Replication and Mitosis
- Most cells in the human body replicate themselves through mitosis, making perfect copies of each other.
- As cells grow and replace dead cells, they experience mitosis, and if they realize they are getting crowded, they stop growing due to contact inhibition.
Apoptosis
- If a cell experiences a defect, it can recognize the issue and kill itself through a process called apoptosis.
- Apoptosis is a cellular mechanism where the cell destroys itself if it's damaged, making way for healthy cells.
Mutations
- There are on the order of 100 billion new cells in the human body per day, and even if mutations occur at a frequency of one in a million, there are still roughly 100,000 mutations.
- Most mutations don't do much, but if they are severe, the cell will recognize it and destroy itself.
- Mutations in body cells will not be passed on to offspring, as they are not germ cells.
Cellular Complexity
- The human body has on the order of 100 trillion cells, with each cell being a complex ecosystem with its own nucleus and organelles.
- The complexity of the human body is comparable to the complexity of the world economy and society.
Neoplasms and Tumors
- A neoplasm is a body of cells that have a defect and keep duplicating, forming a lump of abnormal tissue.
- A tumor is a lump of differentiated tissue that's definitely abnormal, and the terms neoplasm and tumor are often used interchangeably.
- If a tumor grows to a certain size but doesn't replicate out of control and isn't harming the body, it's called a benign tumor.
Cancer
- If a tumor grows and becomes invasive, not caring what's going on around it, it can be considered cancerous.
- Cancer cells have broken DNA replication schemes, leading to more frequent mutations, and can metastasize, spreading to other parts of the body.
- Cancer is a hard disease to "cure" because it's not just one disease, but a class of mutations where cells exhibit fast, invasive growth and metastasis.
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Description
This quiz covers the process of cell division and growth in the human body, including mitosis and cell replication. Understand how cells multiply and replace dead cells in tissues.
