Questions and Answers
What is the process by which a cell makes a perfect copy of itself?
What happens when cells recognize that it's getting crowded in their neighborhood?
What is the process by which a cell recognizes it's damaged and destroys itself?
Approximately how many new cells are produced in the human body per day?
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What is the estimated frequency of mutations in the human body?
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What is the result of a cell experiencing a defect and realizing it's damaged?
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What is the purpose of apoptosis in the human body?
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What is the implication of 100,000 mutations occurring per day in the human body?
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What happens to cells with severe mutations in the body?
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What is the approximate number of cells in the human body?
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What is the term for a group of abnormal cells that grow and multiply?
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What is the purpose of apoptosis?
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Why are mutations in somatic cells not passed on to offspring?
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What is the term for the process of cell death?
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What is the result of a cell with a mutation that prevents apoptosis?
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Approximately how many new cells are produced in the human body every day?
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What is the term for a visible lump formed by a neoplasm?
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Why are cells considered complex ecosystems?
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What is the term used to describe a lump of differentiated tissue that is abnormal?
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What does the term 'benign' mean in the context of tumors?
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What happens when a benign tumor acquires a mutation that makes it grow rapidly?
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What is the term used to describe the process of cancer cells breaking away and traveling to other parts of the body?
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What is the characteristic of cancer cells that allows them to grow rapidly and infiltrate other tissues?
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Why is cancer considered a hard disease to cure?
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What happens when cancer cells replicate rapidly?
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What is the term used to describe the process of cancer cells growing and multiplying rapidly?
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What is the result of cancer cells accumulating genetic abnormalities?
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What is the term used to describe the breakdown of DNA replication schemes in cancer cells?
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What is the main reason why cancer cells continue to mutate?
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What is the common theme behind all types of cancer?
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What happens to cells when they break during DNA replication?
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What is the difference between benign and cancerous cells?
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Why is it a never-ending fight against cancer?
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What is the underlying cause of cancer, according to the content?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?
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Which organisms, besides humans, can experience cancer?
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Study Notes
Cellular Replication and Mitosis
- Most cells in the human body replicate themselves through mitosis, making perfect copies of each other.
- As cells grow and replace dead cells, they experience mitosis, and if they realize they are getting crowded, they stop growing due to contact inhibition.
Apoptosis
- If a cell experiences a defect, it can recognize the issue and kill itself through a process called apoptosis.
- Apoptosis is a cellular mechanism where the cell destroys itself if it's damaged, making way for healthy cells.
Mutations
- There are on the order of 100 billion new cells in the human body per day, and even if mutations occur at a frequency of one in a million, there are still roughly 100,000 mutations.
- Most mutations don't do much, but if they are severe, the cell will recognize it and destroy itself.
- Mutations in body cells will not be passed on to offspring, as they are not germ cells.
Cellular Complexity
- The human body has on the order of 100 trillion cells, with each cell being a complex ecosystem with its own nucleus and organelles.
- The complexity of the human body is comparable to the complexity of the world economy and society.
Neoplasms and Tumors
- A neoplasm is a body of cells that have a defect and keep duplicating, forming a lump of abnormal tissue.
- A tumor is a lump of differentiated tissue that's definitely abnormal, and the terms neoplasm and tumor are often used interchangeably.
- If a tumor grows to a certain size but doesn't replicate out of control and isn't harming the body, it's called a benign tumor.
Cancer
- If a tumor grows and becomes invasive, not caring what's going on around it, it can be considered cancerous.
- Cancer cells have broken DNA replication schemes, leading to more frequent mutations, and can metastasize, spreading to other parts of the body.
- Cancer is a hard disease to "cure" because it's not just one disease, but a class of mutations where cells exhibit fast, invasive growth and metastasis.
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Description
This quiz covers the process of cell division and growth in the human body, including mitosis and cell replication. Understand how cells multiply and replace dead cells in tissues.
