33 Questions
Which process leads to an increase in genetic diversity in multicellular organisms?
Cell division for growth, renewal, and repair
What is the primary function of cell division in unicellular organisms?
To create new organisms
Which term refers to a specific segment of DNA that contains a gene?
Chromatin
What best describes the term 'genome'?
The complete set of an organism's genetic material
Which cellular structure is responsible for the condensation of DNA during cell division?
Chromatin
What is the main purpose of reducing the chromosome number by half during cell division?
To increase genetic diversity
What is the structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis?
Mitotic spindle
During prometaphase, what extends from each centrosome?
Aster
What protein complex is associated with the centromeres of sister chromatids?
Kinetochore
What enzyme cleaves the cohesins during anaphase?
Separase
What mechanism involves the depolymerization of microtubules at kinetochore ends after motor proteins have passed?
"Pac-man" mechanism
What occurs during metaphase in terms of chromosome alignment?
Chromosomes are all lined up at the metaphase plate
What is the name of the process by which prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, reproduce?
Binary fission
During binary fission in bacteria, where does replication of the chromosome begin?
At the origin of replication
What is the role of the plasma membrane during binary fission in bacteria?
Dividing the cell into two
Why are bacterial chromosome movement and location active areas of research?
To investigate how bacterial cells divide
Which type of eukaryotic cell division likely evolved from binary fission based on evolutionary history?
Mitosis
What could be considered an intermediate type of cell division between binary fission and mitosis in unicellular eukaryotes?
Binary fission
Which checkpoint ensures all chromosomes are attached to the spindle before proceeding with mitosis?
M checkpoint
What is a characteristic difference between cancer cells and normal cells in terms of cell cycle control?
Cancer cells can divide indefinitely without being inhibited by normal regulatory processes
Which statement accurately describes the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle?
They regulate the cell cycle through fluctuating concentrations
What is the primary function of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?
To determine if conditions are favorable for cell division
In the context of cancer cells and normal cells, what is a key difference related to the requirement for growth factors?
Cancer cells need fewer growth factors to divide
How do cancer cells contrast with normal cells regarding cell division speed?
Cancer cells undergo faster cell divisions than normal cells
Which of the following regulatory proteins fluctuates in concentration during the cell cycle?
Cyclins
What type of cell cycle checkpoint is the G1 checkpoint considered to be?
Interphase checkpoint
What occurs when a cell does not receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint?
It enters the G0 phase
Which of the following is true regarding cancer cells' response to growth factors?
They may make their own growth factors
What is density-dependent inhibition in cell division?
Crowded cells stop dividing
Which proteins are involved in directing the sequential events of the cell cycle?
Regulatory proteins like cyclins and Cdks
What is the function of MPF (maturation-promoting factor) in the cell cycle?
Triggers a cell's passage past the G1 checkpoint
What is one reason why most benign tumors do not cause serious problems?
They remain only at the original site
What is one key difference between density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence?
Density-dependent inhibition requires physical contact with other cells, while anchorage dependence does not.
Test your knowledge on cell division and genome with these multiple-choice questions. Identify the primary function of cell division in multicellular organisms and understand the concept of a genome.
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