Cell Division and Genome Quiz

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Which process leads to an increase in genetic diversity in multicellular organisms?

Cell division to create new organisms

Cell division for growth, renewal, and repair (correct)

Cell division to reduce the chromosome number by half

Cell division for maintaining genetic stability

What is the primary function of cell division in unicellular organisms?

To maintain genetic stability

To repair tissue damage

To create new organisms (correct)

To reduce the chromosome number by half

Which term refers to a specific segment of DNA that contains a gene?

A type of protein associated with chromosomes

A single chromosome within a cell

Chromatin (correct)

The complete set of an organism's genetic material

What best describes the term 'genome'?

The complete set of an organism's genetic material Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is responsible for the condensation of DNA during cell division?

Chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of reducing the chromosome number by half during cell division?

To increase genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis?

Mitotic spindle Signup and view all the answers

During prometaphase, what extends from each centrosome?

Aster Signup and view all the answers

What protein complex is associated with the centromeres of sister chromatids?

Kinetochore Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme cleaves the cohesins during anaphase?

Separase Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism involves the depolymerization of microtubules at kinetochore ends after motor proteins have passed?

"Pac-man" mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during metaphase in terms of chromosome alignment?

Chromosomes are all lined up at the metaphase plate Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, reproduce?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

During binary fission in bacteria, where does replication of the chromosome begin?

At the origin of replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the plasma membrane during binary fission in bacteria?

Dividing the cell into two Signup and view all the answers

Why are bacterial chromosome movement and location active areas of research?

To investigate how bacterial cells divide Signup and view all the answers

Which type of eukaryotic cell division likely evolved from binary fission based on evolutionary history?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What could be considered an intermediate type of cell division between binary fission and mitosis in unicellular eukaryotes?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which checkpoint ensures all chromosomes are attached to the spindle before proceeding with mitosis?

M checkpoint Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic difference between cancer cells and normal cells in terms of cell cycle control?

Cancer cells can divide indefinitely without being inhibited by normal regulatory processes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle?

They regulate the cell cycle through fluctuating concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

To determine if conditions are favorable for cell division Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cancer cells and normal cells, what is a key difference related to the requirement for growth factors?

Cancer cells need fewer growth factors to divide Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells contrast with normal cells regarding cell division speed?

Cancer cells undergo faster cell divisions than normal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regulatory proteins fluctuates in concentration during the cell cycle?

Cyclins Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell cycle checkpoint is the G1 checkpoint considered to be?

Interphase checkpoint Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a cell does not receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint?

It enters the G0 phase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding cancer cells' response to growth factors?

They may make their own growth factors Signup and view all the answers

What is density-dependent inhibition in cell division?

Crowded cells stop dividing Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are involved in directing the sequential events of the cell cycle?

Regulatory proteins like cyclins and Cdks Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MPF (maturation-promoting factor) in the cell cycle?

Triggers a cell's passage past the G1 checkpoint Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why most benign tumors do not cause serious problems?

They remain only at the original site Signup and view all the answers

What is one key difference between density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence?

Density-dependent inhibition requires physical contact with other cells, while anchorage dependence does not. Signup and view all the answers