31 Questions
What is the DNA content of cells at the end of the S phase if they started with an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus?
16 picograms
Which process do somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote primarily use for division?
Replication
What stage of mitosis is indicated when replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of a cell in onion root tip cells?
Prometaphase
In mitosis, what event must occur for anaphase to begin?
Cohesin must attach the sister chromatids to each other.
Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis?
To facilitate chromosome movement and separation
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
What is the role of kinetochores during mitosis?
Anchoring spindle microtubules to chromosomes
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
G2
At which point in the cell cycle does the 'restriction point' occur?
G1
In which phase of the cell cycle are nerve and muscle cells typically found?
G0
What is the phase where cells exit the cell cycle and enter a nondividing state?
G1
What would likely happen if a cell no longer produces a normal protein kinase for the M phase checkpoint?
The cell would never enter metaphase
How is density-dependent inhibition explained?
Cell surface proteins contacting each other
What is a possible consequence of cancer cells not exhibiting density-dependent inhibition?
Uncontrolled cell growth
How might cells with mutated checkpoint proteins behave during the cell cycle?
They will bypass essential checkpoints
If a cell fails to enter prophase, what could be the next outcome?
The cell will undergo apoptosis
How do cells usually respond when they have lost key regulatory proteins for mitosis?
By activating alternative checkpoints
Which statement most accurately explains why cells from an advanced malignant tumor often have abnormal chromosomes?
The cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints.
In addition to the overproliferation of cancer cells, what else could potentially result in the formation of a tumor?
Inability to form spindles
Why are elderly donor samples often stated to represent cells incapable of cell division?
They are anchorage independent.
What characteristic distinguishes chromosomally abnormal cells in tumors from normal cells regarding metabolism?
Abnormal cells have normal metabolism.
What effect does the introduction of new chromosomes through transformation have on cancer cells?
Ability to bypass cell cycle checkpoints
Which factor primarily contributes to the inability of some cancer cells to anchor and divide normally?
Inability to form spindles
What is a common characteristic of chromosomally abnormal cancer cells that distinguishes them from normal cells regarding their division requirements?
Chromosomally abnormal cells require anchorage dependency.
What is the main reason why chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle during mitosis?
Motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules.
Which statement accurately describes chromosomes moving toward the poles of the spindle during mitosis?
Non-kinetochore spindle fibers are responsible for pushing the chromosomes towards the poles.
What distinguishes chromosomes that move towards the poles of the spindle during mitosis?
They rely on non-kinetochore spindle fibers for movement.
Which function do spindle microtubules that do not attach to kinetochores serve during mitosis?
Maintaining an appropriate spacing among the moving chromosomes.
In mitosis, what role do motor proteins play in chromosome movement?
Moving chromosomes along spindle microtubules with assistance from kinetochores.
Which statement accurately reflects the process of chromosome movement during mitosis?
'Reeling in' of chromosomes occurs due to spindle microtubule contraction.
What distinguishes chromosomes with non-kinetochore spindle fibers during mitosis?
Reliance on non-kinetochore spindle fibers for movement towards poles.
Test your knowledge on cell division and DNA content with this quiz. Questions include topics such as mitosis, DNA replication, and cellular processes. See if you can correctly answer questions related to picograms of DNA per nucleus, cell division processes, and more.
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