Cell Division and Differentiation

<p>Mucus protects the stomach lining from the corrosive effect of hydrochloric acid and enzymes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The person would be unable to break down fats effectively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate new cells for growth, repair, and replacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stem cells are found only in embryos. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meristems contain actively dividing cells that contribute to plant growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes are duplicated before division, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cells can differentiate throughout their lifespan, while animal cells differentiate early in life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cloning helps produce large numbers of identical plants with desirable traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryonic stem cells can be used to treat genetic disorders by replacing damaged cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division increases the number of cells, contributing to the growth of the embryo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of animals in research to test the safety and effectiveness of embryonic stem cell therapies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase surface area for the absorption of digested food molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, speeding up the reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce both hormones to regulate blood sugar and enzymes to aid digestion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The digestive system is a continuous muscular tube starting at the mouth and ending at the anus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates - Iodine test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a protein molecule that breaks down starch into simple sugars. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The possibility of infection and immune rejection of the transplanted cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To absorb water from undigested food and form feces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas is a key organ for producing digestive enzymes that contribute to the breakdown of food in the small intestine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce bile, which aids in the digestion of lipids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process essential for growth and repair, producing new cells.

Structures carrying genes; humans have 46 in 23 pairs.

Process that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell.

Process where cells specialize early in life and lose versatility.

Unique cells that can differentiate into various specialized cells.

Using mitosis to produce identical plants from a small tissue piece.

Regions of actively dividing cells in plants responsible for growth.

Stem cells can treat conditions like spinal injuries and diabetes.

Enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids.

Enzymes that break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

The activity of amylase changes with different pH levels.

Substance that emulsifies fats, increasing surface area for lipase.

Enzymes work best at the body's temperature of 37°C.

Trials injecting nerve cells from embryonic stem cells into spinal cords of paralyzed patients started in 2010.

2014 trials used embryonic stem cells to treat macular degeneration, showing positive outcomes.

The use of embryonic stem cells raises ethical issues, including the origin of cells.

Rapid division of embryonic stem cells may increase the potential risk of cancer.

Using cloned embryos to obtain matched embryonic stem cells for treatment.

Cells are the fundamental units of living organisms, differentiating into specialized types.

Groups of cells with similar structure and function, like muscular, glandular, and epithelial tissues.

A muscular tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus, moving food through the body.

Enzymes break down food molecules during digestion, aiding in nutrient absorption.

The liver produces bile to aid in the digestion of lipids and processes nutrients.

Carbohydrates provide energy for metabolic reactions in cells.

Biological catalysts made of proteins that speed up metabolic reactions in organisms.

Process where high temperatures or extreme pH levels cause enzymes to lose their shape and function.

Carbohydrases, such as amylase, break down carbohydrates into sugars.

Each enzyme is specific to a substrate, functioning like a lock and key in reactions.