Cell Nucleus and Chromosome Structure Quiz

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Which component of the nucleus houses ribosomal RNA?

Nucleoplasm

Nucleolus (correct)

Nuclear envelope

Nuclear pore

What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Adds ribose sugar to DNA backbone

Joins nitrogenous bases in DNA (correct)

Degrades DNA strands for replication

Transcribes DNA to RNA

Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in RNA?

Guanine

Cytosine

Thymine

Uracil (correct)

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in cellular processes?

Deliver coded message to ribosomes for translation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

Assemble protein molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the backbone of DNA composed of?

Sugar and phosphate groups (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Diploid and Haploid chromosome numbers?

Diploid chromosomes are found in somatic cells while Haploid chromosomes are found in gametes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which accurately describes the structure of a Duplicate Eukaryotic Chromosome?

It consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does chromatin condense into visible chromosomes?

Prophase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Mitosis and Meiosis II?

Mitosis produces somatic cells, while Meiosis II produces gametes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for creating genetic variation during sexual reproduction?

Crossing over during Meiosis I (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Trisomy from Monosomy?

Trisomy involves an extra chromosome, while Monosomy involves a missing chromosome (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of all DNA?

Synthetic phase (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does crossing over occur in meiosis?

Prophase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromosomes are pulled apart during meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis creates genetically identical daughter cells, unlike meiosis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Inheritance of color blindness is an example of which type of genetic inheritance?

X-linked recessive (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common chromosomal disorder characterized by trisomy 21?

Down Syndrome (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle do centromeres split and sister chromatids move to opposite poles?

Anaphase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'neoplasia' refer to?

Abnormal increase in the number of cells, such as in cancer (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the process where a cell dies off on its own?

Apoptosis (C) Signup and view all the answers