Cell Division and Chromatin Fibres Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of a centromere?

To attach chromosomes with spindle fibres during cell division and to detach sister chromatids during anaphase.

What happens to chromatids after cell division is complete?

Chromatids decondense and revert to chromatin fibres.

What is a chromatid?

One vertical half of a duplicated chromosome.

What are sister chromatids?

<p>Two identical chromatids joined by a centromere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are genes?

<p>Specific sequences of nucleotides on a chromosome that encode proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biological evidence can be obtained from blood, semen stains, hair, or clothing found at a crime scene?

<p>DNA fingerprinting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chromatin fiber in a cell?

<p>Made up of DNA and Histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of genes?

<p>To encode proteins that determine specific features of an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cell division in organisms?

<p>Growth, replacement, repair, and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromosomes during cell division for growth, replacement, and repair?

<p>They duplicate and distribute equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the two sister chromatids of a chromosome attached to each other?

<p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first discovered the structure of DNA?

<p>Rosalind Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

<p>Sugar, Phosphate, and Nitrogenous Bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process through which repair of injuries is done in the body?

<p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the bone marrow divide to replace old cells?

<p>Parent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are accidental injuries like cuts in the skin or fractures in the bone repaired?

<p>Covering up gaps and joining broken ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does mitosis occur in the body?

<p>In all body cells except oocytes and spermatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Centromere

The attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division. It also holds sister chromatids together.

Sister chromatids

Two identical copies of a chromosome, joined at the centromere.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Chromosome

A tightly coiled structure made up of DNA and proteins. It carries the genetic information of an organism.

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Gene

The basic unit of heredity. It is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

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DNA replication

The process of creating a copy of DNA.

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Meiosis

The process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells (gametes).

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Cell division

The process of forming new cells by dividing existing cells.

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Chromatid decondensation

The process of turning back into chromatin fibers after cell division is complete.

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Chromatid

One half of a duplicated chromosome, containing the same genetic information as the other half.

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Protein synthesis

The process by which the genetic information of an individual is used to produce proteins.

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Chromatid separation

The process of separating sister chromatids during anaphase of cell division.

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DNA fingerprinting

The process of using DNA to identify an individual. It uses the unique pattern of DNA fragments to match samples.

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Chromatin

The substance that makes up chromosomes. It is a complex of DNA and proteins.

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Nucleotides

The building blocks of DNA. They consist of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

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Mitosis in somatic cells

The cell division process that results in the growth, repair, and replacement of cells in the body.

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Parent cells

The cells in the bone marrow that divide to create new blood cells.

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