15 Questions
What is the function of chromatin in the cell nucleus?
To allow very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus
What are the major structures involved in DNA compaction?
The 30 nm fibre, the metaphase chromosome, the 10 nm 'beads-on-a-string' fibre
Which type of proteins have enzymatic activities?
Non-histones or acidic proteins
In which type of cells are multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the difference between duplicated and unduplicated chromosomes?
Duplicated chromosomes contain two identical copies joined by a centromere
What are the proteins with enzymatic activities in chromosomes?
Non-histones
In which cell cycle phase do chromosomes condense further to form microscopically visible structures?
Metaphase
Which type of chromosomes contain two identical copies joined by a centromere?
Unduplicated chromosomes
What is the function of chromatin during cell division?
To form microscopically visible chromosomes
What are the major structures involved in DNA compaction?
Histones and nucleosomes
Describe the role of chromatin in the cell nucleus.
Chromatin allows very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus and condenses further during cell division to form microscopically visible chromosomes.
Explain the difference between duplicated and unduplicated chromosomes.
Unduplicated chromosomes are single double helixes, whereas duplicated chromosomes contain two identical copies (called chromatids or sister chromatids) joined by a centromere.
What are the two types of proteins found in chromosomes and what are their functions?
i) Low molecular weight proteins: histones or basic proteins; ii) High molecular weight proteins or non-histones or acidic protein. The acidic proteins have enzymatic activities.
List the major structures involved in DNA compaction.
The major structures in DNA compaction include DNA, the nucleosome, the 10 nm 'beads-on-a-string' fibre, the 30 nm fibre, and the metaphase chromosome.
In which type of cells are multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus?
Eukaryotes, such as those found in plants, fungi, and animals, possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus.
Study Notes
Chromatin and DNA Compaction
- Chromatin is a complex of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins that form a chromosome
- The major structures involved in DNA compaction are chromatin, nucleosomes, chromonema, and chromonemata
- Chromatin plays a crucial role in the cell nucleus by allowing for the compaction of a large amount of DNA into a small space
Chromosome Structure
- Chromosomes contain two main types of proteins: histones and non-histone proteins
- Histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4) have a structural role, while non-histone proteins have enzymatic activities
- Duplicated chromosomes have two identical copies of DNA, joined by a centromere, whereas unduplicated chromosomes have a single copy of DNA
Cell Cycle and Chromosome Condensation
- During the prophase stage of the cell cycle, chromosomes condense further to form microscopically visible structures
- This condensation is essential for proper Separation of chromosomes during cell division
Cell Types and Chromosomes
- In eukaryotic cells, multiple large linear chromosomes are contained in the cell's nucleus
- In these cells, chromatin plays a crucial role in packaging the DNA into chromatin fibers, allowing for the compaction of the genome
Chromatin Functions
- Chromatin has two main functions during cell division: it allows for the compaction of DNA and enables the equal distribution of genetic material between daughter cells
Test your knowledge about chromatin, chromosomes, and their roles in cell division and genetic diversity. Explore the structure and behavior of chromosomes during the cell cycle.
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