Chromatin and Chromosomes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of chromatin in the cell nucleus?

To allow very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus (correct)

To condense further and form microscopically visible chromosomes

To replicate and divide during cellular division

To ensure the genetic diversity and survival of progeny

What are the major structures involved in DNA compaction?

Nucleotide, DNA pyrophosphorylase, nucleoside triphosphatase

Centromere, chromatids, histones

Histones, RNA-polymerase, DNA- polymerase

The 30 nm fibre, the metaphase chromosome, the 10 nm 'beads-on-a-string' fibre (correct)

Which type of proteins have enzymatic activities?

High molecular weight proteins

Non-histones or acidic proteins (correct)

Basic proteins

Low molecular weight proteins

In which type of cells are multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus?

Eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between duplicated and unduplicated chromosomes?

Duplicated chromosomes contain two identical copies joined by a centromere Signup and view all the answers

What are the proteins with enzymatic activities in chromosomes?

Non-histones Signup and view all the answers

In which cell cycle phase do chromosomes condense further to form microscopically visible structures?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromosomes contain two identical copies joined by a centromere?

Unduplicated chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chromatin during cell division?

To form microscopically visible chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What are the major structures involved in DNA compaction?

Histones and nucleosomes Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of chromatin in the cell nucleus.

Chromatin allows very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus and condenses further during cell division to form microscopically visible chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between duplicated and unduplicated chromosomes.

Unduplicated chromosomes are single double helixes, whereas duplicated chromosomes contain two identical copies (called chromatids or sister chromatids) joined by a centromere. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of proteins found in chromosomes and what are their functions?

i) Low molecular weight proteins: histones or basic proteins; ii) High molecular weight proteins or non-histones or acidic protein. The acidic proteins have enzymatic activities. Signup and view all the answers

List the major structures involved in DNA compaction.

The major structures in DNA compaction include DNA, the nucleosome, the 10 nm 'beads-on-a-string' fibre, the 30 nm fibre, and the metaphase chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cells are multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus?

Eukaryotes, such as those found in plants, fungi, and animals, possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chromatin and DNA Compaction

Chromatin is a complex of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins that form a chromosome
The major structures involved in DNA compaction are chromatin, nucleosomes, chromonema, and chromonemata
Chromatin plays a crucial role in the cell nucleus by allowing for the compaction of a large amount of DNA into a small space

Chromosome Structure

Chromosomes contain two main types of proteins: histones and non-histone proteins
Histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4) have a structural role, while non-histone proteins have enzymatic activities
Duplicated chromosomes have two identical copies of DNA, joined by a centromere, whereas unduplicated chromosomes have a single copy of DNA

Cell Cycle and Chromosome Condensation

During the prophase stage of the cell cycle, chromosomes condense further to form microscopically visible structures
This condensation is essential for proper Separation of chromosomes during cell division

Cell Types and Chromosomes

In eukaryotic cells, multiple large linear chromosomes are contained in the cell's nucleus
In these cells, chromatin plays a crucial role in packaging the DNA into chromatin fibers, allowing for the compaction of the genome

Chromatin Functions

Chromatin has two main functions during cell division: it allows for the compaction of DNA and enables the equal distribution of genetic material between daughter cells

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Description

Test your knowledge about chromatin, chromosomes, and their roles in cell division and genetic diversity. Explore the structure and behavior of chromosomes during the cell cycle.