CH 3 SUM: Cell Division
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for a cell undergoing division?

  • To prepare for DNA replication
  • To increase its surface area to volume ratio
  • To maintain an effective surface area to volume ratio (correct)
  • To manage material exchange efficiently

    • In which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

  • Telophase
  • Anaphase
  • Metaphase (correct)
  • Prophase

    • What is the primary function of mitosis?

  • Waste elimination
  • DNA repair
  • Energy production
  • Cell growth (correct)

    • Where does DNA replication occur during mitosis in animal cells?

    <p>Interphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells in terms of mitosis?

    <p>Plant cells lack centrioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do chromatids separate, becoming daughter chromosomes?

    <p>Anaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mitotic activity prominent in animals for skin renewal?

    <p>Basal layers of the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main parts into which the cell cycle can be broadly divided?

    <p>Interphase and Mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of interphase involves the duplication of cellular contents excluding the chromosomes?

    <p>G1 Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the S Phase of interphase?

    <p>DNA replication occurs resulting in two sister chromatids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the cell cycle does the DNA condense into more distinct forms?

    <p>Prophase of Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centromere in a duplicated chromosome?

    <p>It holds the sister chromatids together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of DNA in the nucleus during interphase?

    <p>Loosely packed and dispersed as chromatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in determining when a cell will divide?

    <p>Surface area to volume ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a cell acquire genetic information during the cell cycle?

    <p>During S Phase of interphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>Preparing for division by duplicating cellular contents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the conclusion of the G2 phase of interphase?

    <p>The cell enters prophase of mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during cytokinesis in plant cells?

    <p>Cell plate formation at the cell's equator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis is not affected by the cell wall's presence?

    <p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in cancer research?

    <p>Abnormal cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angiogenesis?

    <p>Formation of new blood vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer affects the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems?

    <p>Leukemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common environmental factor that can cause cancer?

    <p>Exposure to sunlight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is associated with the BRCA1 mutation?

    <p>Breast cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about cancer?

    <p>Cancer is always fatal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer treatment utilizes chemicals to kill cancer cells?

    <p>Chemotherapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a traditional remedy used alongside conventional cancer treatments?

    <p>Cancer Bush tea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main parts of the cell cycle?

    <p>Interphase and Mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does the DNA condense into more distinct forms?

    <p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase of the cell cycle during which the cell is not actively dividing but is preparing for division?

    <p>Interphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the centromere in a duplicated chromosome?

    <p>Anchor point for spindle fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the DNA become loosely packed and dispersed throughout the nucleus?

    <p>G1 Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the S Phase of interphase?

    <p>Chromosome duplication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in determining when a cell will divide?

    <p>Surface Area to Volume Ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in cancer research?

    <p>Analyzing abnormal cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between malignant and benign tumors?

    <p>Malignant tumors can invade other tissues and spread throughout the body, while benign tumors cannot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer affects the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems?

    <p>Leukemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>Cell growth and DNA replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the S Phase of interphase?

    <p>DNA replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centromere in a duplicated chromosome?

    <p>Holds the two sister chromatids together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during cytokinesis in plant cells?

    <p>Formation of a cell plate at the cell's equator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer treatment utilizes chemicals to kill cancer cells?

    <p>Chemotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angiogenesis?

    <p>The formation of new blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between carcinomas and sarcomas?

    <p>Carcinomas arise in epithelial cells, while sarcomas arise in connective tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is crucial for the cell's growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division?

    <p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of mitosis in cell division?

    <p>Growth, repair, and reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of a cell having an inefficient surface area to volume ratio?

    <p>Decreased material exchange with the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mitotic activity prominent in animals specifically for blood cell production?

    <p>Bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of plant cell mitosis are nuclear membranes reformed around each set of chromosomes?

    <p>Telophase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key structure do plant cells lack compared to animal cells during mitosis?

    <p>Centrioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of multicellular organisms expanding their cells by multiplying?

    <p>Improving structural integrity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of animal cell mitosis do chromosomes appear as two chromatids connected by a centromere?

    <p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of mitosis in unicellular organisms like bacteria and protists?

    <p>Serving as a means of reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>To allow for DNA replication and transcription to be performed efficiently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of interphase are new proteins produced in the cell?

    <p>G2 Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of chromosomes only condensing into more distinct forms during prophase of mitosis?

    <p>To ensure accurate segregation during cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the surface area to volume ratio a crucial factor in determining when a cell will divide?

    <p>To impact the cell's ability to acquire nutrients and dispose of waste effectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during cytokinesis in animal cells?

    <p>Division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the G1 Phase and G2 Phase of interphase?

    <p>G1 Phase duplicates cellular contents excluding chromosomes, while G2 Phase produces new proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during prophase of mitosis regarding DNA organization?

    <p>DNA condenses into more distinct forms as chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are sister chromatids held together by a centromere during the S Phase?

    <p>To ensure each new cell has the correct amount of genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chromatin in interphase?

    <p>Chromatin facilitates efficient DNA replication and transcription. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do chromosomes only condense into more distinct forms during prophase of mitosis?

    <p>To ensure accurate segregation during cell division. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>It is essential for DNA replication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells during mitosis?

    <p>Absence of centrioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key activity occurs during telophase of mitosis?

    <p>Nuclear membranes reform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitosis in cell division?

    <p>To produce two identical daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of animal cell mitosis involves the formation of a mitotic spindle?

    <p>Prophase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the centrosome during animal cell mitosis?

    <p>To form microtubule fibers of the spindle apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells in terms of growth inhibition signals?

    <p>They disregard signals and continue to multiply. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a critical characteristic of malignant tumors?

    <p>They have the ability to spread to other parts of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one unique feature of sarcomas compared to carcinomas and leukemia?

    <p>They arise in connective tissues like muscle and bone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of cancer treatment involves the physical removal of the tumor?

    <p>Surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common misconception about cancer often influencing attitudes towards treatment?

    <p>Expecting modern medicine to cure all forms of the disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant difference between carcinomas and sarcomas?

    <p>Originate in epithelial cells vs. connective tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does angiogenesis play in cancer progression?

    <p>Promotes the formation of new blood vessels for tumor growth and metastasis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crucial factor in determining when a cell will divide?

    <p>Surface area to volume ratio (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes only condense into more distinct forms?

    <p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the conclusion of the G2 Phase of interphase?

    <p>The cell is ready to enter mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for DNA replication and transcription to be performed efficiently during interphase?

    <p>Loosely packed DNA as chromatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sub-phase of interphase involves the duplication of cellular contents excluding the chromosomes?

    <p>G1 Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centromere in a duplicated chromosome?

    <p>Holds together sister chromatids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase during which the cell is not actively dividing but is preparing for division?

    <p>'G1' Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mitosis in cell division?

    <p>Formation of daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do chromatids split at the centromere and move to opposite poles?

    <p>Anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mitotic activity prominent in animals specifically for skin renewal?

    <p>Basal layers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates mitosis in plant cells from animal cells?

    <p>Absence of centrosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>Preparation for division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining an effective surface area to volume ratio important for cells?

    <p>Improved waste disposal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of multicellular organisms that drives the need for cell growth through mitosis?

    <p>Size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to chromosomes during metaphase of mitosis?

    <p>They align at the cell's equator. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cancer cells that contributes to their growth and spread?

    <p>Cancer cells are unresponsive to growth inhibition signals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a tumor compressing and depriving surrounding normal cells of nutrients?

    <p>The normal cells will die. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for developing cancer that is caused by environmental exposure?

    <p>Exposure to radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about cancer that can influence attitudes towards treatment?

    <p>Cancer is a death sentence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of chemotherapy treatment for cancer?

    <p>Hair loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mechanism by which tumors can spread to other parts of the body?

    <p>Through the formation of new blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of cancer that affects connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle?

    <p>Sarcomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a tumor disrupting the function of surrounding normal cells?

    <p>The normal cells will die. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of cancer that affects the epithelial cells covering the organs, glands, and skin?

    <p>Carcinomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of plant cell cytokinesis compared to animal cells?

    <p>Formation of a new cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cancer cells, what contributes to the spread of cancer to other body parts?

    <p>Formation of new blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing feature of malignant tumors compared to benign tumors?

    <p>Capability to invade other tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about cancer related to social beliefs?

    <p>Fatalism - viewing cancer as curable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of leukemias among the common types of cancer mentioned?

    <p>Involvement in blood-related systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences attitudes and approaches towards cancer treatment?

    <p>Social beliefs and myths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do carcinogens play in causing cancer?

    <p>Damage DNA and disrupt cellular regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is most likely to originate in bone or muscle tissues?

    <p>Sarcomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of radiotherapy in treating cancer?

    <p>Destroying cancer cells with radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitosis in the context of unicellular organisms such as bacteria and protists?

    <p>Reproduction through binary fission or budding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of cellular contents excluding the chromosomes?

    <p>G1 Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between malignant and benign tumors in terms of growth and invasiveness?

    <p>Malignant tumors are invasive and spread to other tissues, while benign tumors remain localized (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the condensation of DNA into more distinct forms?

    <p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during cytokinesis in plant cells?

    <p>The cytoplasm divides, but the cell wall prevents complete separation of the daughter cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells in terms of growth inhibition signals?

    <p>Cancer cells do not respond to growth inhibition signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mitosis in cell division?

    <p>Producing genetically identical daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the centromere in a duplicated chromosome?

    <p>Holding sister chromatids together until anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the S Phase in the cell cycle?

    <p>To duplicate each chromosome, ensuring each new cell has the correct amount of genetic information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is most impacted by the surface area to volume ratio?

    <p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marks the conclusion of the G2 phase of interphase?

    <p>The cell has produced new proteins and is ready to enter mitosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>To allow for DNA replication and transcription. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis involves the formation of a mitotic spindle?

    <p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of mitosis in unicellular organisms like bacteria and protists?

    <p>To allow for the reproduction of unicellular organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the centrosome during animal cell mitosis?

    <p>To organize the mitotic spindle, ensuring the proper separation of chromosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in cancer research?

    <p>Developing new cancer treatments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of plant cell mitosis is affected by the presence of the cell wall?

    <p>Anaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a tumor disrupting the function of surrounding normal cells?

    <p>The tumor may disrupt the normal function of surrounding cells, leading to impaired physiological processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the centrosome during animal cell mitosis?

    <p>To control the movements of chromosomes during mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant difference between carcinomas and sarcomas?

    <p>Carcinomas originate from epithelial cells, while sarcomas originate from mesenchymal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the G0 phase occur in the cell cycle, and what is its significance?

    <p>The G0 phase occurs when the cell is not actively dividing and is in a quiescent state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a tumor compressing and depriving surrounding normal cells of nutrients?

    <p>The deprived cells may undergo necrosis due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centromere in a duplicated chromosome?

    <p>To facilitate the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of cellular contents excluding the chromosomes?

    <p>G1 phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the location of mitosis in plants and animals?

    <p>Plant cells undergo mitosis in the apical meristem and lateral meristem, while animal cells undergo mitosis in the bone marrow and basal layers of the skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of sarcomas compared to carcinomas and leukemia?

    <p>Sarcomas originate from connective or supportive tissues, while carcinomas originate from epithelial tissue, and leukemia originates from the bone marrow or blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in cancer research?

    <p>The primary concern in cancer research is understanding the underlying causes of cancer development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of plant cell mitosis are nuclear membranes reformed around each set of chromosomes?

    <p>Telophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for DNA replication and transcription to be performed efficiently during interphase?

    <p>The duplication of cellular contents during the S phase of interphase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the conclusion of the G2 Phase of interphase?

    <p>The cell enters the M phase, where mitosis occurs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of plant cell cytokinesis in comparison to animal cell cytokinesis?

    <p>Formation of a cell plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of cancer cells in terms of growth inhibition signals?

    <p>They continue division despite signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor can spread to other tissues and throughout the body?

    <p>Malignant tumor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major factor contributing to the spread of cancer cells to different body parts?

    <p>Angiogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves crucial preparations for cellular division and growth?

    <p>G2 Phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about cancer related to social beliefs?

    <p>'Fatalism' views cancer as an inevitable death sentence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which traditional remedy is mentioned in the text for supporting conventional cancer treatments?

    <p>'Cancer Bush' tea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of carcinomas compared to sarcomas in terms of origin?

    <p>Originating in epithelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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