17 Questions
What is cell differentiation?
The process of unspecialized cells changing to become specialized for specific functions.
What ability do specialized animal cells lose once they become specialized?
Ability to differentiate further
At what stage in life do most cell differentiations occur in animals?
At an early stage in life
In terms of differentiation potential, how do plant cells differ from animal cells?
Plant cells have higher differentiation potential than animal cells.
Which of the following is a specialized animal cell adaptation for energy production?
Muscle cells with mitochondria
What is the function of root hair cells in plants?
Water and mineral absorption
Which type of plant cell is responsible for sugar and nutrient distribution?
Phloem cells with sieve-like plates
Which organ system is responsible for communication and coordination within the body?
Nervous system
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
Transporting nutrients and oxygen
What component of the circulatory system carries oxygen and nutrients to cells?
Blood
Which organ is part of the digestive system responsible for the conversion of food into energy?
Stomach
Which part of the nervous system regulates cognitive functions, learning, memory, and motor skills?
Brain
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Regulating bodily functions through hormone production
How does the respiratory system contribute to energy production in cells?
By facilitating gas exchange to supply oxygen for cellular respiration
Which organ is responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood in the body?
Kidneys
How does the immune system protect the body from diseases?
By neutralizing and eliminating foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses
Which component of the skeletal system is responsible for holding bones together at joints?
Ligaments
Study Notes
- Organisms like animals and plants are made up of different types of specialized cells adapted for specific functions in different parts of the body.
- Cell differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells change to become specialized for specific functions by developing different subcellular structures and sometimes changing shape.
- In animals, most cell differentiation occurs at an early stage in life, and once cells become specialized, they lose the ability to differentiate further except for repair and replacement.
- In contrast, plant cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout their entire lifespan, from seedlings to maturity.
- Specialized animal cells include sperm cells with tails for swimming and enzyme-containing heads for fertilization, nerve cells with axons for electrical impulse transmission, and muscle cells with mitochondria for energy production and protein fibers for contraction.
- Specialized plant cells include root hair cells for absorbing water and minerals with elongated structures to increase surface area, xylem cells with lignin-reinforced walls for water transport, and phloem cells with sieve-like plates for sugar and nutrient distribution.
- Plant cells differ from animal cells in terms of specialization and continuous differentiation potential throughout their lifespan.
Test your knowledge on the process of cell differentiation in animals and plants, where unspecialized cells transform into specialized cells adapted for specific functions. Learn about the differences between animal and plant cells in terms of specialization and differentiation potential throughout their lifespans.
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