Cell Death: Necrosis and Apoptosis

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of necrosis in most cases?

Loss of blood supply

Necrosis is a reversible process.

False

What is the term for a lack of blood supply to an area?

Ischemia

Necrosis can be caused by a _______________________ in blood supply.

loss Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definitions:

Necrosis = A type of cell death Ischemia = A lack of blood supply Apoptosis = Programmed cell death Inflammation = A response to tissue injury Signup and view all the answers

Necrosis can be caused by hypoxia.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of cellular suicide that eliminates cells that are no longer needed or damaged beyond repair?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Necrosis is a form of cellular suicide.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that can be used for diagnosing myocardial infarction?

Troponin Signup and view all the answers

Karyorrhexis is a type of cellular death that involves the fragmentation of the ___________.

nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cellular death with their descriptions:

Apoptosis = Programmed cellular suicide Necrosis = Cell death in response to injury Karyorrhexis = Fragmentation of the nucleus Coagulative necrosis = blood clotting disorders Signup and view all the answers

Coagulative necrosis is a type of cellular death that involves the formation of a blood clot.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that can be used for diagnosing pancreatic disorders?

Amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

Apoptosis is a natural process, while necrosis is a response to injury Signup and view all the answers

What type of apoptosis occurs when cells are damaged, especially when the damage affects the cell's DNA or proteins?

Pathologic apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Physiologic apoptosis occurs during the development of organisms, such as replacement of cells in primordial tissues.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cell death during embryonic development, where cells are replaced by mature tissues?

Physiologic apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Liquefactive necrosis is a type of cell death that occurs in the _______________, as shown in Figure 1.4.

brain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of apoptosis with their descriptions:

Physiologic apoptosis = Occurs during the development of organisms, such as replacement of cells in primordial tissues Pathologic apoptosis = Occurs when cells are damaged, especially when the damage affects the cell's DNA or proteins Programmed apoptosis = Occurs in response to DNA damage or other cellular stresses Signup and view all the answers

Apoptosis is a process of cell death that occurs in response to DNA damage or other cellular stresses.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cell death that occurs in response to immune responses or foreign agents?

Immune-mediated apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cell death that occurs in the bone marrow and thymus?

Immune-mediated apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

Necrosis involves cell death due to injury, while apoptosis is a programmed cell death. Signup and view all the answers

Necrosis is a reversible process.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of necrosis on the cell membrane?

Breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Necrosis is often referred to as an _______________ cell death.

accidental Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the type of cell death:

Necrosis = Irreversible Apoptosis = Irreversible Signup and view all the answers

Apoptosis is a natural part of development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of necrosis on the cell nucleus?

Breakdown Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of necrosis on the surrounding tissue?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased mitochondrial permeability?

Increased cytochrome c release Signup and view all the answers

Caspase-9 is an enzyme that promotes cell growth.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caspase-9 in the apoptotic cascade?

Activates other caspases, leading to cell death Signup and view all the answers

The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria leads to the activation of ___________________.

caspase-9 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular structures with their roles in apoptosis:

Mitochondria = Regulate apoptosis through permeability changes Cytosol = Site of caspase activation Nucleus = Breakdown of nuclear structures during apoptosis Endoplasmic reticulum = Involved in protein synthesis and folding Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of caspase activation during apoptosis?

Breakdown of nuclear and cytoplasmic structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?

Involved in protein synthesis and folding Signup and view all the answers

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Necrosis and Apoptosis

Necrosis and apoptosis are two main forms of cell death, differing in causes, mechanisms, and functional consequences.
Necrosis is a form of cell death characterized by irreversible phase, cumulation of loss of plasma membrane integrity, and breakdown of the nucleus, leading to inflammatory responses.
Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a form of cellular suicide, eliminating cells that are no longer needed or are damaged beyond repair, without eliciting an inflammatory response.

Characteristics of Necrosis

Necrosis is characterized by severe morphological changes, including loss of plasma membrane integrity, breakdown of the nucleus, and release of cellular contents.
In coagulative necrosis, the underlying tissue architecture is preserved, with the dead cells being replaced by a fibrin-rich meshwork.
Necrosis can be caused by various factors, including ischemia, hypoxia, or exposure to toxins.

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death, which occurs in response to specific signals, such as DNA damage or growth factor withdrawal.
During apoptosis, cells undergo a series of changes, including condensation of chromatin, fragmentation of the nucleus, and blebbing of the plasma membrane.
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including development, immune response, and tissue homeostasis.

Physiological Roles of Apoptosis

Apoptosis is essential for the elimination of unwanted cells during development, such as the formation of the digits in the hand.
It also plays a role in the immune response, where it helps to eliminate infected cells or cells that are no longer needed.
Apoptosis is involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, where it helps to eliminate damaged or unwanted cells.

Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis

Apoptosis is regulated by a complex interplay of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors.
The BCL-2 family of proteins, including BAK and BAX, play a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis.
Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are key effectors of apoptosis, and are activated by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria.

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Description

This quiz explores the differences between necrosis and apoptosis, the two main forms of cell death, including their causes, mechanisms, and functional consequences.

Cell Death: Necrosis and Apoptosis

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of necrosis in most cases?

Necrosis is a reversible process.

What is the term for a lack of blood supply to an area?

Necrosis can be caused by a _______________________ in blood supply.

Match the terms with their definitions:

Necrosis can be caused by hypoxia.

What is the process of cellular suicide that eliminates cells that are no longer needed or damaged beyond repair?

Necrosis is a form of cellular suicide.

What is the name of the enzyme that can be used for diagnosing myocardial infarction?

Karyorrhexis is a type of cellular death that involves the fragmentation of the ___________.

Match the following types of cellular death with their descriptions:

Coagulative necrosis is a type of cellular death that involves the formation of a blood clot.

What is the name of the enzyme that can be used for diagnosing pancreatic disorders?

What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

What type of apoptosis occurs when cells are damaged, especially when the damage affects the cell's DNA or proteins?

Physiologic apoptosis occurs during the development of organisms, such as replacement of cells in primordial tissues.

What is the term for the process of cell death during embryonic development, where cells are replaced by mature tissues?

Liquefactive necrosis is a type of cell death that occurs in the _______________, as shown in Figure 1.4.

Match the following types of apoptosis with their descriptions:

Apoptosis is a process of cell death that occurs in response to DNA damage or other cellular stresses.

What is the term for the process of cell death that occurs in response to immune responses or foreign agents?

What is the term for the process of cell death that occurs in the bone marrow and thymus?

What is the main difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

Necrosis is a reversible process.

What is the result of necrosis on the cell membrane?

Necrosis is often referred to as an _______________ cell death.

Match the following characteristics with the type of cell death:

Apoptosis is a natural part of development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.

What is the result of necrosis on the cell nucleus?

What is the result of necrosis on the surrounding tissue?

What is the result of increased mitochondrial permeability?

Caspase-9 is an enzyme that promotes cell growth.

What is the role of caspase-9 in the apoptotic cascade?

The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria leads to the activation of ___________________.

Match the following cellular structures with their roles in apoptosis:

What is the result of caspase activation during apoptosis?

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death.

Study Notes

Necrosis and Apoptosis

Characteristics of Necrosis

Apoptosis

Physiological Roles of Apoptosis

Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis

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Description

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