Cell Death: Necrosis and Apoptosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of necrosis in most cases?

  • Inflammation
  • Hypoxia
  • Loss of blood supply (correct)
  • Apoptosis

    • Necrosis is a reversible process.

    False

    What is the term for a lack of blood supply to an area?

    Ischemia

    Necrosis can be caused by a _______________________ in blood supply.

    <p>loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their definitions:

    <p>Necrosis = A type of cell death Ischemia = A lack of blood supply Apoptosis = Programmed cell death Inflammation = A response to tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Necrosis can be caused by hypoxia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of cellular suicide that eliminates cells that are no longer needed or damaged beyond repair?

    <p>Apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Necrosis is a form of cellular suicide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that can be used for diagnosing myocardial infarction?

    <p>Troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Karyorrhexis is a type of cellular death that involves the fragmentation of the ___________.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of cellular death with their descriptions:

    <p>Apoptosis = Programmed cellular suicide Necrosis = Cell death in response to injury Karyorrhexis = Fragmentation of the nucleus Coagulative necrosis = blood clotting disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coagulative necrosis is a type of cellular death that involves the formation of a blood clot.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that can be used for diagnosing pancreatic disorders?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

    <p>Apoptosis is a natural process, while necrosis is a response to injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of apoptosis occurs when cells are damaged, especially when the damage affects the cell's DNA or proteins?

    <p>Pathologic apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physiologic apoptosis occurs during the development of organisms, such as replacement of cells in primordial tissues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of cell death during embryonic development, where cells are replaced by mature tissues?

    <p>Physiologic apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liquefactive necrosis is a type of cell death that occurs in the _______________, as shown in Figure 1.4.

    <p>brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of apoptosis with their descriptions:

    <p>Physiologic apoptosis = Occurs during the development of organisms, such as replacement of cells in primordial tissues Pathologic apoptosis = Occurs when cells are damaged, especially when the damage affects the cell's DNA or proteins Programmed apoptosis = Occurs in response to DNA damage or other cellular stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apoptosis is a process of cell death that occurs in response to DNA damage or other cellular stresses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of cell death that occurs in response to immune responses or foreign agents?

    <p>Immune-mediated apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of cell death that occurs in the bone marrow and thymus?

    <p>Immune-mediated apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

    <p>Necrosis involves cell death due to injury, while apoptosis is a programmed cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Necrosis is a reversible process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of necrosis on the cell membrane?

    <p>Breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Necrosis is often referred to as an _______________ cell death.

    <p>accidental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with the type of cell death:

    <p>Necrosis = Irreversible Apoptosis = Irreversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apoptosis is a natural part of development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of necrosis on the cell nucleus?

    <p>Breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of necrosis on the surrounding tissue?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased mitochondrial permeability?

    <p>Increased cytochrome c release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caspase-9 is an enzyme that promotes cell growth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of caspase-9 in the apoptotic cascade?

    <p>Activates other caspases, leading to cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria leads to the activation of ___________________.

    <p>caspase-9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cellular structures with their roles in apoptosis:

    <p>Mitochondria = Regulate apoptosis through permeability changes Cytosol = Site of caspase activation Nucleus = Breakdown of nuclear structures during apoptosis Endoplasmic reticulum = Involved in protein synthesis and folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of caspase activation during apoptosis?

    <p>Breakdown of nuclear and cytoplasmic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?

    <p>Involved in protein synthesis and folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Necrosis and Apoptosis

    • Necrosis and apoptosis are two main forms of cell death, differing in causes, mechanisms, and functional consequences.
    • Necrosis is a form of cell death characterized by irreversible phase, cumulation of loss of plasma membrane integrity, and breakdown of the nucleus, leading to inflammatory responses.
    • Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a form of cellular suicide, eliminating cells that are no longer needed or are damaged beyond repair, without eliciting an inflammatory response.

    Characteristics of Necrosis

    • Necrosis is characterized by severe morphological changes, including loss of plasma membrane integrity, breakdown of the nucleus, and release of cellular contents.
    • In coagulative necrosis, the underlying tissue architecture is preserved, with the dead cells being replaced by a fibrin-rich meshwork.
    • Necrosis can be caused by various factors, including ischemia, hypoxia, or exposure to toxins.

    Apoptosis

    • Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death, which occurs in response to specific signals, such as DNA damage or growth factor withdrawal.
    • During apoptosis, cells undergo a series of changes, including condensation of chromatin, fragmentation of the nucleus, and blebbing of the plasma membrane.
    • Apoptosis plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including development, immune response, and tissue homeostasis.

    Physiological Roles of Apoptosis

    • Apoptosis is essential for the elimination of unwanted cells during development, such as the formation of the digits in the hand.
    • It also plays a role in the immune response, where it helps to eliminate infected cells or cells that are no longer needed.
    • Apoptosis is involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, where it helps to eliminate damaged or unwanted cells.

    Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis

    • Apoptosis is regulated by a complex interplay of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors.
    • The BCL-2 family of proteins, including BAK and BAX, play a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis.
    • Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are key effectors of apoptosis, and are activated by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the differences between necrosis and apoptosis, the two main forms of cell death, including their causes, mechanisms, and functional consequences.

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