Cell Death and Necrosis Mechanisms

Reversible phase = A phase that can be returned to its original state De-energized state = A state where energy is decreased Plasma membrane pump = A mechanism that decreases ATP generation Injury = A result of cellular damage

ATP = Energy storage molecule Plasma membrane pump = Maintains sodium-potassium balance Cell death = Results from injury Reversible phase = Temporary decrease in ATP generation

Increased ATP generation = Enhances sodium-potassium balance Cell damage = Leads to cell death De-energized state = Decreases ATP generation Plasma membrane pump = Increases ATP production

<p>Reversible phase = Temporary and can be reversed Cell death = Irreversible and permanent Plasma membrane pump = Located in the plasma membrane ATP = Energy storage molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP generation = Inhibited by de-energized state Cell death = Caused by injury Plasma membrane pump = Regulates ATP generation Reversible phase = Prevents cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell damage = Leads to cell death De-energized state = Decreases ATP generation Plasma membrane pump = Maintains cellular functions ATP generation = Enhances cellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane pump = Uses ATP to maintain sodium-potassium balance Cell death = Results from cellular damage Reversible phase = Temporary decrease in ATP generation ATP generation = Enhances cellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane pump = Increases ATP generation Cell damage = Decreases ATP generation De-energized state = Decreases ATP generation Reversible phase = Temporarily decreases ATP generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry gangrene = Caused by lack of blood supply Wet gangrene = Remains in the affected area Caseous necrosis = Characterized by cheeselike appearance Coagulative necrosis = Caused by bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulative necrosis = Lack of blood supply Caseous necrosis = Tuberculosis and some fungal infections Gangrene = Bacterial infection Liquefactive necrosis = Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulative necrosis = Dead tissue remains intact Liquefactive necrosis = Tissue is broken down into liquid Gangrene = Dead tissue is separated from the body Caseous necrosis = Tissue is hardened and cheesy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane = Disruption leads to cell death Lysosomes = Breakdown of cellular components Cell membrane = Disruption leads to cell lysis Cytosol = Release of enzymes causes cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caseous necrosis = Tuberculosis Gangrene = Diabetes Liquefactive necrosis = Brain abscess Coagulative necrosis = Heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruption of plasma membrane = Lack of blood supply Release of enzymes from lysosomes = Cell death Breakdown of cellular components = Autodigestion Hardening of tissue = Coagulative necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulative necrosis = Dead tissue appears intact Liquefactive necrosis = Tissue is broken down into liquid Gangrene = Dead tissue is black and dry Caseous necrosis = Tissue is hardened and cheesy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell death = Lack of tissue function Release of enzymes = Tissue damage Disruption of plasma membrane = Loss of cellular contents Breakdown of cellular components = Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of enzymes = Dead cells are digested Deactivation of enzymes = Cells are preserved Activation of enzymes = Cells are protected Inactivation of enzymes = Cells are damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis resulting from bacterial infection = Large inflammatory response Necrosis resulting from lack of blood supply = Small inflammatory response Necrosis resulting from bacterial toxin = Moderate inflammatory response Necrosis resulting from physical injury = No inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptotic necrosis = Cell death with minimal inflammation Necroptotic necrosis = Cell death with significant inflammation Autophagic necrosis = Cell survival with recycling of cellular components Pyroptotic necrosis = Cell death with release of pro-inflammatory signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dead cells are digested by enzymes = Necroptosis Dead cells are recycled by autophagy = Apoptosis Dead cells are removed by phagocytosis = Necrosis Dead cells are preserved by inhibition of enzymes = Autophagic cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caspases = Initiation of apoptosis Lysosomal enzymes = Digestion of dead cells Proteases = Breakdown of cellular components Lipases = Degradation of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptotic cell death = Shrinkage of cells and formation of apoptotic bodies Necrotic cell death = Swelling of cells and rupture of cell membrane Autophagic cell death = Presence of autophagic vacuoles Pyroptotic cell death = Release of pro-inflammatory signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation = Response to tissue damage Autophagy = Recycling of cellular components Apoptosis = Programmed cell death Necroptosis = Regulated necrotic cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria = Swelling and disruption Lysosomes = Release of digestive enzymes Endoplasmic reticulum = Disruption of protein synthesis Golgi apparatus = Disruption of protein modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>diffuse cytoplasmic eosinophilia = Necrotic cell morphology increased serum levels of intracellular proteins = Necrosis diagnosis amoeba-like appearance = Membrane damage deposited in blood vessels = Irreparable damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrotic cells = Show more diffuse cytoplasmic eosinophilia Membrane damage = Causes numerous cellular components to become damaged Necrosis = Can be diagnosed by detecting an increase in serum levels of intracellular proteins Irreparable damage = Leads to subsequent steps in necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear necrotic cells = Because of membrane damage Cell morphology = Show more diffuse cytoplasmic eosinophilia Blood vessels = Deposited in them leading to irreparable damage Laboratory diagnosis = Made by detecting an increase in serum levels of intracellular proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irreparable damage = Causes damage to numerous cellular components Membrane damage = Causes necrotic cells to show more diffuse cytoplasmic eosinophilia Necrotic cells = Can be diagnosed by detecting an increase in serum levels of intracellular proteins Laboratory diagnosis = Made by examining cell morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amoeba-like appearance = Result of membrane damage Increase in serum levels of intracellular proteins = Indication of necrosis diagnosis Deposited in blood vessels = Leads to irreparable damage Diffuse cytoplasmic eosinophilia = Characteristics of necrotic cell morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis diagnosis = Made by detecting an increase in serum levels of intracellular proteins Membrane damage = Causes necrotic cells to show an amoeba-like appearance Irreparable damage = Leads to subsequent steps in necrosis Cell morphology = Shows more diffuse cytoplasmic eosinophilia in necrotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrotic cell morphology = Characterized by diffuse cytoplasmic eosinophilia Membrane damage = Causes irreparable damage to blood vessels Laboratory diagnosis = Made by examining cell morphology Irreparable damage = Causes damage to numerous cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane damage = Causes necrotic cells to show an amoeba-like appearance Necrotic cells = Show characteristics of diffuse cytoplasmic eosinophilia Irreparable damage = Leads to subsequent steps in necrosis Laboratory diagnosis = Made by detecting an increase in serum levels of intracellular proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulative necrosis = A type of cell death characterized by the preservation of cellular outlines Apoptosis = A type of cell death that occurs in response to physiological signals Inflammation = A response to tissue injury characterized by the influx of immune cells Necrotic cells = Cells that have lost their nuclei and are recognized by phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis = Rapidly cleared by phagocytes Coagulative necrosis = Inflammation is present Necrotic cells = Loss of nuclei and cytoplasm Cell death = Occurs in response to physiological signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis = Eliminates potentially harmful cells Coagulative necrosis = Leads to tissue damage and inflammation Necrotic cells = Are recognized and cleared by phagocytes Cell death = Is a normal part of embryonic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis = Physiological signals Coagulative necrosis = Tissue injury Necrotic cells = Enzyme activation Cell death = Toxic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis = Enzyme activation and fragmentation Coagulative necrosis = Loss of cellular outlines Necrotic cells = Inflammation and immune response Cell death = Programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis = Eliminates harmful cells Coagulative necrosis = Leads to tissue damage Necrotic cells = Are discarded by phagocytes Cell death = Is a normal part of tissue development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis = Removes unwanted cells Coagulative necrosis = Causes tissue damage Necrotic cells = Are cleared by phagocytes Cell death = Is a normal part of tissue homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis = Programmed cell death Coagulative necrosis = Preservation of cellular outlines Necrotic cells = Loss of cellular function Cell death = Is a normal part of tissue development</p> Signup and view all the answers