Cell Cycle Overview

Study Notes

Cell Cycle Overview

Comprised of two main phases: Interphase and M-phase (Mitotic phase).
Interphase consists of three sub-phases: G1, S, and G2.

Interphase

G1 Phase (Gap 1):
- The cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.
- Organelles are duplicated, and the cell checks for DNA damage.
S Phase (Synthesis):
- DNA replication occurs, resulting in two sister chromatids for each chromosome.
- The cell continues to grow and produces proteins needed for cell division.
G2 Phase (Gap 2):
- Further growth occurs, alongside preparation for mitosis.
- The cell checks for DNA replication errors and ensures all necessary components are ready for mitosis.

M-phase (Mitotic Phase)

Consists of five key stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Prophase:
- Chromosomes condense and become visible.
- The nuclear membrane starts to disintegrate.
Metaphase:
- Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate.
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome.
Anaphase:
- Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell.
- The cell elongates, preparing for division.
Telophase:
- Chromatids arrive at the poles and begin to de-condense back into chromatin.
- The nuclear membrane re-forms around each set of chromosomes.

Visual Representation

Diagrams illustrate the cyclical nature of the cell cycle, emphasizing the continuity between interphase and M-phase.
One diagram highlights the G1, S, and G2 phases alongside the return to G1 post-mitosis, indicating the cycle's ongoing nature.
A second diagram provides a representation of a cell during mitosis, showing key cellular components: nucleolus, nuclear membrane, and chromosomes.

Description

Test your knowledge on the cell cycle and its phases, including Interphase and M-phase. This quiz covers the details of each sub-phase, including G1, S, G2, and the stages of mitosis. Assess your understanding of cell growth, DNA replication, and preparations for division.