Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Cancer

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for mitosis to result in identical daughter cells?

  • To facilitate sexual reproduction
  • To increase genetic diversity
  • To ensure each daughter cell has a complete set of chromosomes (correct)
  • To repair damaged DNA

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

  • M phase
  • G2 phase
  • S phase (correct)
  • G1 phase

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?

  • Anaphase (correct)
  • Telophase
  • Metaphase
  • Prophase

How does cytokinesis differ between animal and plant cells?

<p>Animal cells undergo cleavage while plant cells form a cell plate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a cell to grow uncontrollably?

<p>Unregulated cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissues while benign tumors cannot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the genetic inheritance pattern where one allele is fully expressed, masking the effect of the other allele?

<p>Codominance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a type of gene interaction where the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygotes?

<p>Incomplete dominance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do sex-linked diseases appear more commonly in male humans?

<p>Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process of creating recombinant DNA?

<p>Recombination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a heritable change in the genetic material, leading to genetic diversity?

<p>Mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a heritable change in the genetic material?

<p>Mutation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What refers to the process of creating recombinant DNA?

<p>Genetic engineering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which step does the separation and movement of sister chromatids occur in the cell?

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the events that occur during each step of DNA replication, transcription, and translation?

<p>Central dogma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does natural selection account for in the process of evolution?

<p>Genetic diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a gene interaction where the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygotes?

<p>Incomplete dominance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of evolution involves the movement of genes between populations, leading to a reduction in genetic differences?

<p>Gene flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of creating new species due to geographic isolation?

<p>Allopatric speciation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main evidence for the theory of evolution found in the fossil record?

<p>The existence of transitional fossils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the concept of organisms sharing a common ancestor and being classified based on their evolutionary relationships?

<p>Phylogeny (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the geologic time scale, which era is characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the appearance of flowering plants?

<p>Mesozoic era (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a single species evolves into diverse forms occupying different ecological niches?

<p>Adaptive radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproductive barrier prevents mating or fertilization between species due to differences in behavior or timing?

<p>Prezygotic barrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which evolutionary pattern involves long periods of little change followed by rapid bursts of speciation?

<p>Punctuated equilibrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes organisms with prokaryotic cells and is further divided into Archaea and Bacteria?

<p>Archaea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological significance of prokaryotes?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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