Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Regulators, and Cancer Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the three major checkpoints in the cell cycle?

  • G1, S, G2 (correct)
  • Interphase, Telophase, Anaphase
  • Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
  • Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase

What is the main difference between diploid and haploid cells?

  • The number of sets of chromosomes they have (correct)
  • The number of organelles they contain
  • Their ability to undergo mitosis
  • Their size and shape

How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

  • Meiosis involves only one division (correct)
  • Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells
  • Mitosis results in haploid daughter cells
  • Mitosis is essential for sexual reproduction

Why are positive and negative regulators important in the cell cycle?

<p>They influence the direction of cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the genome?

<p>It provides instructions for cell growth and function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are typically found in a human cell?

<p>46 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which prokaryotic cells divide?

<p>Binary fission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is mitosis essential for life on Earth?

<p>To enable growth, repair, and replacement of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

<p>Monosaccharides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is responsible for storing energy?

<p>Lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

<p>Carry genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between DNA and RNA based on their structure.

<p>DNA uses thymine, while RNA uses uracil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

<p>Ionic bonds involve transferring electrons, while covalent bonds involve sharing electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are hydrogen bonds crucial for the structure of biological molecules?

<p>Hydrogen bonds contribute to the three-dimensional shape and stability of macromolecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of proteins and how do they form macromolecules?

<p>Amino acids; they bond through peptide bonds to form polypeptides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids vital for survival?

<p>They provide energy for cellular activities and metabolic processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipids in organisms?

<p>Store energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for holding together the monomers of nucleic acids?

<p>Covalent bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are amino acids considered essential for survival?

<p>To build and repair structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is responsible for carrying genetic information in organisms?

<p>Nucleic acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

<p>Facilitated diffusion is a passive process while active transport requires energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are endocytosis and exocytosis important mechanisms for transport across cell membranes?

<p>They enable the cell to take in or release large molecules that cannot pass through the membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do homologous chromosomes differ from sister chromatids?

<p>Homologous chromosomes are identical copies inherited from both parents whereas sister chromatids are exact copies of a single chromosome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitosis in cell life cycles?

<p>Mitosis helps maintain a constant chromosome number in daughter cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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