Cell Cycle Basics

Mitosis Overview

• Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
• The spindle apparatus is crucial for moving chromatids during mitosis.

Spindle Apparatus

• Centrioles anchor the spindle fibers to ensure proper chromosome separation during cell division.

Phases of Mitosis

• Mitosis consists of four distinct phases:
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase

Daughter Cells

• Mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, results in two daughter cells.
• Each daughter cell retains the same chromosome number as the original cell, maintaining genetic continuity.

Cytokinesis Timing

• Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, begins during the telophase of mitosis.

Chromosome Numbers in Animals

• A human cell with 46 chromosomes gives rise to daughter cells, each also containing 46 chromosomes.
• A dog cell with 72 chromosomes will result in two daughter cells, each with the same chromosome number of 72.

Nuclear Envelope

• The nuclear membrane dissolves during prophase, allowing chromatin to condense into visible chromosomes.

Chromatid Structure

• Centromeres hold individual chromatids together, ensuring correct segregation during cell division.