Podcast
Questions and Answers
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
- Prophase
- G1 Phase
- S Phase (correct)
- G2 Phase
What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
- Elimination of damaged cells through apoptosis
- Repair and replacement of somatic cells (correct)
- Formation of genetically diverse offspring
- Production of gametes for sexual reproduction
Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. (correct)
- Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells reproduce by binary fission.
- Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
If a cell with 20 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
If a cell with 20 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
Which of the following events occurs during prophase?
Which of the following events occurs during prophase?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the cell theory?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the cell theory?
A cell is observed to have no nucleus. Which kingdom does it likely belong to?
A cell is observed to have no nucleus. Which kingdom does it likely belong to?
In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?
In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
A cell with a circular DNA structure floating freely in the cytoplasm, and lacking membrane-bound organelles is most likely what?
A cell with a circular DNA structure floating freely in the cytoplasm, and lacking membrane-bound organelles is most likely what?
What is the key structural difference between plant and animal cells regarding their outer boundary?
What is the key structural difference between plant and animal cells regarding their outer boundary?
Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?
Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?
A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of chloroplasts. What type of cell is the student most likely observing?
A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of chloroplasts. What type of cell is the student most likely observing?
Which of the following characteristics is exclusive to animal cells, distinguishing them from plant cells?
Which of the following characteristics is exclusive to animal cells, distinguishing them from plant cells?
Which of the following correctly states the relationship between the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and protein synthesis?
Which of the following correctly states the relationship between the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and protein synthesis?
Mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP through what process?
Mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP through what process?
Flashcards
Mitosis
Mitosis
A process of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells.
Meiosis
Meiosis
A type of cell division that produces four genetically diverse gametes.
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells without membrane-bound organelles, typically smaller with circular DNA.
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
Signup and view all the flashcards
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Interphase
Interphase
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stages of Mitosis
Stages of Mitosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Prophase
Prophase
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is a series of events in a cell's life, encompassing growth, reproduction, and death.
- It has two main stages: Interphase and the division stage.
- Interphase (90% of the cycle):
- G1 Phase: Cell growth and normal functions.
- S Phase: DNA replication.
- G2 Phase: Cell growth and preparation for division.
- Division Stage (10% of the cycle):
- Mitosis: Nuclear division.
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm division, creating two daughter cells.
Mitosis Stages
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, spindle fibers form.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear membranes reform.
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, producing two daughter cells.
Cell Division & Mitosis
- Cell division is crucial for growth, repair, and reproduction (asexual and sexual).
- Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and replacement of somatic cells.
- Asexual reproduction involves one parent cell dividing to form two identical daughter cells.
- Sexual reproduction results from two parent cells combining for a genetically unique offspring.
Cell Structure
- The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and new cells come from pre-existing cells.
- Cells are of two types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; examples include bacteria and archaea.
- Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; examples include plant, animal, fungal, and protist cells.
Organelles
- Nucleus: Controls cell activities and houses DNA.
- Mitochondria: Produce energy (ATP) via cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Rough ER (protein synthesis), Smooth ER (lipid synthesis).
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
- Lysosomes: Digest waste products.
- Chloroplasts (plant cells): Site of photosynthesis.
- Vacuoles: Store nutrients and waste.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
| Feature | Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic |
|---|---|---|
| DNA | Circular, free-floating | Linear, enclosed in nucleus |
| Organelles | No membrane-bound organelles | Membrane-bound organelles |
| Reproduction | Binary fission | Mitosis (somatic), Meiosis (sex cells) |
| Size | Generally smaller (1-10 µm) | Generally larger (10-100 µm) |
Plant vs. Animal Cells
- Plant Cells: Have a cell wall (cellulose), chloroplasts, one large central vacuole, and no centrioles.
- Animal Cells: Lack a cell wall, chloroplasts, and central vacuoles; they have centrioles.
Study Tips
- Visualization: Use diagrams to understand the cell cycle, the stages of mitosis, and cell structures.
- Comparison: Utilize tables to contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and plant and animal cells.
- Practice: Work through practice questions to solidify your understanding.
- Mnemonic: Use "PMAT" (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase) to remember the stages of mitosis.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the intricate processes involved in the cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis. This quiz covers key phases such as G1, S, G2, and the division stage which includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and more. Understand the significance of cell division in growth and reproduction.
