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Questions and Answers
How is plant cell cytokinesis different from animal cell cytokinesis?
How is plant cell cytokinesis different from animal cell cytokinesis?
- Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell-wall building blocks between the two new nuclei; animal cells form a cleavage furrow using actin microfilaments. (correct)
- The contractile filaments found in plant cells are structures composed of carbohydrates; the cleavage furrow in animal cells is composed of contractile phospholipids.
- The structural proteins of plant cells separate the two cells; in animal cells, a cell membrane separates the two daughter cells.
- Plant cells divide after metaphase but before anaphase; animal cells divide after anaphase.
At which phase of mitosis are the centrosomes beginning to move apart in animal cells?
At which phase of mitosis are the centrosomes beginning to move apart in animal cells?
- Prophase (correct)
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Metaphase
During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes?
During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes?
- Anaphase (correct)
- Telophase
- Metaphase
- Prophase
For traditional chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?
For traditional chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?
The 'gap' phases of the cell cycle are devoted to:
The 'gap' phases of the cell cycle are devoted to:
Chromosome #1 from your mother and chromosome #1 from your father are said to be homologous. This is because the chromosomes:
Chromosome #1 from your mother and chromosome #1 from your father are said to be homologous. This is because the chromosomes:
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is:
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is:
Which of the following happens during meiosis I?
Which of the following happens during meiosis I?
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
The products of meiosis are:
The products of meiosis are:
Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?
Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?
Which of the following occurs during anaphase I?
Which of the following occurs during anaphase I?
What event occurs in both anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis II?
What event occurs in both anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis II?
The cells at the end of meiosis I are not ready to function as gametes. Why not?
The cells at the end of meiosis I are not ready to function as gametes. Why not?
Meiosis II is essentially the same as mitosis except that the outcome produces cells that are:
Meiosis II is essentially the same as mitosis except that the outcome produces cells that are:
In the process of crossing over:
In the process of crossing over:
In metaphase I, ________ are aligned along the metaphase plate, and in metaphase II ________ are aligned along the metaphase plate.
In metaphase I, ________ are aligned along the metaphase plate, and in metaphase II ________ are aligned along the metaphase plate.
A gamete from a human male contains:
A gamete from a human male contains:
The number of chromosomes present in a human cell at anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis II is the same.
The number of chromosomes present in a human cell at anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis II is the same.
Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during:
Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during:
What is mitosis?
What is mitosis?
What is meiosis?
What is meiosis?
What are gametes?
What are gametes?
What is chromatin?
What is chromatin?
What is interphase?
What is interphase?
What are the three sub-phases of interphase?
What are the three sub-phases of interphase?
What is cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells?
What is cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells?
What are the phases of mitosis?
What are the phases of mitosis?
Study Notes
Cytokinesis in Plant vs. Animal Cells
- Plant cells deposit vesicles with cell-wall building blocks between nuclei; animal cells form a cleavage furrow with actin microfilaments.
- Plant cell cytokinesis involves cell wall formation, while animal cell cytokinesis involves the contraction of the cell membrane.
Mitosis Phases
- Centrosome separation begins in prophase of mitosis.
- Chromatids become chromosomes during anaphase.
- Mitosis includes five phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by cytokinesis.
Chemotherapy Goals
- Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs most desirably target and destroy rapidly dividing cells, minimizing damage to other metabolically active cells.
Cell Cycle Gap Phases
- The gap phases (G1 and G2) focus on normal cell operations, growth, and preparation for division, not on DNA replication.
Homologous Chromosomes
- Chromosomes from mother and father are homologous due to having the same genes with different variations.
- After telophase I of meiosis, daughter cells are haploid with chromosomes consisting of two chromatids.
Meiosis Overview
- Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids, producing four haploid cells from one diploid cell.
- Crossing over occurs during prophase I, exchanging genetic material between non-sister chromatids.
Chromosome Count in Gametes
- Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes, half of the typical somatic cell count.
- A human male gamete contains 22 autosomes and either an X or Y chromosome.
Key Events and Comparisons
- Both anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis II involve separation of sister chromatids.
- Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles during meiosis I, differing from mitosis where sister chromatids separate in anaphase.
Definitions
- Mitosis produces daughter cells that are genetically identical; it is the division of the nucleus in eukaryotes.
- Meiosis generates non-identical daughter cells, specifically gametes (sperm or eggs).
- Gametes have half the chromosome number compared to somatic cells (23 chromosomes).
- Chromatin consists of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division.
Interphase Phases
- Interphase involves cell growth and chromosome duplication, consisting of three sub-phases:
- G1 phase (first gap)
- S phase (DNA synthesis)
- G2 phase (second gap)
Cytokinesis and Mitosis Phases
- Cytokinesis refers to the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis.
- The phases of mitosis include prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, with cytokinesis occurring towards the end.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in the cell cycle, focusing on the distinctions between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells, the phases of mitosis, and the role of chemotherapy in targeting rapidly dividing cells. Test your understanding of homologous chromosomes and gap phases in cell division.
