Cell Communication Structures in Plant and Animal Cells

What is the term used to describe nondividing cells that may be stuck in G1 forever?

Interphase
M phase
G zero (correct)
MPF

When were cell cycle control molecules first hypothesized?

1970s (correct)
1990s
1980s
1960s

What is the function of the Protein Kinase in MPF?

Transfer of a phosphate group (correct)
Inducing interphase in cells
Replicating chromosomes
Activating cyclin

Which subunit of MPF has different concentrations found throughout the cell?

Cyclin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Kinase is bound to cyclin?

Kinase is activated (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment where two cells during different stages of mitosis were fused, what did the cell undergoing interphase immediately start doing?

Undergoing the M phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene responsible for?

Coding for a specific RNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does DNA replication occur?

S Phase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the structure of chromosomes during the M Phase?

Chromosomes are condensed into compact structures (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are sister chromatids?

Attached at the centromere (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase allows cells to grow and replicate organelles?

G1 Phase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of histones in a chromosome?

Condense DNA into compact structures (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella in cells?

Rotate to propel movement (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle holds magnetite crystals as a compass?

Cell wall (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fimbriae in cells?

Strive to attach to other cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in terms of size between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are larger (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in a cell separates life from nonlife?

Plasma membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytosol in eukaryotic cells?

Has a very small mass (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'pulse' step in the endomembrane pulse-chase experiment?

Radiolabel all proteins synthesized during a specific time interval (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the 'chase' step of the endomembrane pulse-chase experiment?

Proteins synthesized during this period are not radiolabeled (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the ER signal sequence typically located in a protein's structure?

First 20 amino acid residues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ER signal sequence in protein synthesis?

Moves the growing protein and ribosome to the rough ER (B) Signup and view all the answers

What serves a similar role to the nuclear localization signal in proteins bound for the endomembrane system?

'Send-to-ER' signal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for receiving proteins from the rough ER in distinctive vesicles?

Golgi apparatus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are held together by gap junctions?

Animal cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Allow communication between cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are attachment molecules of desmosomes?

Cadherins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of hormones in the body?

Binding to signal receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do G-Proteins do when activated by a signal receptor?

Trigger production of second messengers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Enzyme-linked receptors are transmembrane proteins that:

Bind hormone signals and catalyze reactions inside the cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of quorum sensing in unicellular communication?

Signaling pathways responding to population density (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is cell replication essential for life to exist?

To create new cells and replace old or damaged ones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of desmosomes in animal cells?

Link cytoskeletons to resist pulling and shearing forces (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do Tight Junctions behave in terms of their watertight seal?

They can open and close dynamically to control the flow of substances (B) Signup and view all the answers