Cell Communication Structures in Plant and Animal Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe nondividing cells that may be stuck in G1 forever?

  • Interphase
  • M phase
  • G zero (correct)
  • MPF

When were cell cycle control molecules first hypothesized?

  • 1970s (correct)
  • 1990s
  • 1980s
  • 1960s

What is the function of the Protein Kinase in MPF?

  • Transfer of a phosphate group (correct)
  • Inducing interphase in cells
  • Replicating chromosomes
  • Activating cyclin

Which subunit of MPF has different concentrations found throughout the cell?

<p>Cyclin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Kinase is bound to cyclin?

<p>Kinase is activated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment where two cells during different stages of mitosis were fused, what did the cell undergoing interphase immediately start doing?

<p>Undergoing the M phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene responsible for?

<p>Coding for a specific RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does DNA replication occur?

<p>S Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the structure of chromosomes during the M Phase?

<p>Chromosomes are condensed into compact structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sister chromatids?

<p>Attached at the centromere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase allows cells to grow and replicate organelles?

<p>G1 Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of histones in a chromosome?

<p>Condense DNA into compact structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella in cells?

<p>Rotate to propel movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle holds magnetite crystals as a compass?

<p>Cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fimbriae in cells?

<p>Strive to attach to other cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in terms of size between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells are larger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in a cell separates life from nonlife?

<p>Plasma membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytosol in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Has a very small mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'pulse' step in the endomembrane pulse-chase experiment?

<p>Radiolabel all proteins synthesized during a specific time interval (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the 'chase' step of the endomembrane pulse-chase experiment?

<p>Proteins synthesized during this period are not radiolabeled (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the ER signal sequence typically located in a protein's structure?

<p>First 20 amino acid residues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ER signal sequence in protein synthesis?

<p>Moves the growing protein and ribosome to the rough ER (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves a similar role to the nuclear localization signal in proteins bound for the endomembrane system?

<p>'Send-to-ER' signal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for receiving proteins from the rough ER in distinctive vesicles?

<p>Golgi apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are held together by gap junctions?

<p>Animal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

<p>Allow communication between cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are attachment molecules of desmosomes?

<p>Cadherins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of hormones in the body?

<p>Binding to signal receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do G-Proteins do when activated by a signal receptor?

<p>Trigger production of second messengers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzyme-linked receptors are transmembrane proteins that:

<p>Bind hormone signals and catalyze reactions inside the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of quorum sensing in unicellular communication?

<p>Signaling pathways responding to population density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cell replication essential for life to exist?

<p>To create new cells and replace old or damaged ones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of desmosomes in animal cells?

<p>Link cytoskeletons to resist pulling and shearing forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Tight Junctions behave in terms of their watertight seal?

<p>They can open and close dynamically to control the flow of substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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