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Questions and Answers
How do plants communicate the occurrence of touch to facilitate movement?
How do plants communicate the occurrence of touch to facilitate movement?
- Using mechanical vibrations.
- Through electrical-chemical means. (correct)
- Through specialized nerve cells.
- By changing their external structure.
What process allows tendrils to cling to objects?
What process allows tendrils to cling to objects?
- Rapid growth of the entire tendril.
- Uneven growth rates due to contact. (correct)
- Chemical bonding with surfaces.
- Curling of the tendril in response to light.
In response to which environmental trigger do shoots of plants typically bend?
In response to which environmental trigger do shoots of plants typically bend?
- Temperature.
- Light. (correct)
- Wind.
- Gravity.
Which type of movement do roots exhibit in response to gravity?
Which type of movement do roots exhibit in response to gravity?
What is a common characteristic of tropic movements in plants?
What is a common characteristic of tropic movements in plants?
What role does water play in the movement of plant cells?
What role does water play in the movement of plant cells?
Which part of the pea plant helps it climb by wrapping around supports?
Which part of the pea plant helps it climb by wrapping around supports?
What type of tissue do plants lack for conducting information like animals?
What type of tissue do plants lack for conducting information like animals?
What is geotropism in plants?
What is geotropism in plants?
What does the term 'hydrotropism' indicate?
What does the term 'hydrotropism' indicate?
Which of the following is an example of chemotropism?
Which of the following is an example of chemotropism?
What is true about the speed of movements in plants?
What is true about the speed of movements in plants?
What are the limitations of using electrical impulses for communication in multicellular organisms?
What are the limitations of using electrical impulses for communication in multicellular organisms?
Why do multicellular organisms often use chemical communication?
Why do multicellular organisms often use chemical communication?
Which type of plant movement is characterized as sensitive and quick?
Which type of plant movement is characterized as sensitive and quick?
What role do electrical impulses play in the bodies of multicellular organisms?
What role do electrical impulses play in the bodies of multicellular organisms?
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Study Notes
Plant Movement and Communication
- Movement in plants occurs at different points from where they are touched, indicating a need for information communication.
- Plants utilize electrical-chemical signals to convey touch information; however, they lack specialized tissue for conducting these signals unlike animals.
- Plant movement requires changes in cell shape, achieved by altering water content in cells, leading to swelling or shrinking rather than muscle contraction as in animals.
Growth-Induced Movement
- Tendrils of climbing plants, like peas, exhibit touch sensitivity; contact with support slows growth at the contacted part while the opposite end grows faster, causing a curling motion.
- Plants exhibit directional growth, termed tropism, in response to environmental stimuli such as light (phototropism) and gravity (geotropism).
- Shoots typically bend towards light while roots grow downwards, away from light and towards gravity.
Types of Tropisms
- Geotropism: Roots grow downward due to gravitational pull, while shoots grow upwards.
- Hydrotropism: Refers to growth response towards moisture.
- Chemotropism: Involves growth direction influenced by chemical stimuli, exemplified by pollen tube growth towards ovules.
Speed of Plant Responses
- Plant movements vary in speed: rapid responses (e.g., sensitive plants) happen quickly after touch, while slower movements (like sunflowers tracking the sun) occur gradually.
- Growth-related movements are the slowest and involve prolonged directional growth influenced by stimuli.
Communication Mechanisms in Multicellular Organisms
- Fast responses to stimuli require rapid information transfer; electrical impulses are efficient but limited as they only reach connected cells and take time to reset.
- In contrast, chemical communication allows stimulated cells to release compounds that diffuse to surrounding cells, facilitating broader communication.
- This dual communication method reflects the complexity of coordination and response mechanisms in multicellular life.
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