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Questions and Answers
What is primarily responsible for determining the primary structure of a protein?
What is primarily responsible for determining the primary structure of a protein?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Which structure is involved in the secondary structure of proteins?
Which structure is involved in the secondary structure of proteins?
Cell-surface receptors include which of the following?
Cell-surface receptors include which of the following?
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What role do carbohydrates primarily serve in living organisms?
What role do carbohydrates primarily serve in living organisms?
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Which of the following types of receptors is classified as an intracellular receptor?
Which of the following types of receptors is classified as an intracellular receptor?
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The secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by which type of bond?
The secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by which type of bond?
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What characterizes G Protein-Coupled Receptors?
What characterizes G Protein-Coupled Receptors?
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Which reagent is used in the Molish test to detect carbohydrates?
Which reagent is used in the Molish test to detect carbohydrates?
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What type of carbohydrates does Benedict's test primarily detect?
What type of carbohydrates does Benedict's test primarily detect?
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Which of the following substances are detected by Barfoed's test?
Which of the following substances are detected by Barfoed's test?
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What can be inferred if a solution turns blue in the Iodine test?
What can be inferred if a solution turns blue in the Iodine test?
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Which carbohydrate tests involve heating the mixture for 5 minutes for a color change?
Which carbohydrate tests involve heating the mixture for 5 minutes for a color change?
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Which monosaccharides are positive in the Ketose test?
Which monosaccharides are positive in the Ketose test?
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What is the role of concentrated hydrochloric acid in the Ketose test?
What is the role of concentrated hydrochloric acid in the Ketose test?
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What does a positive result in the Molish test indicate?
What does a positive result in the Molish test indicate?
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What is the primary interaction responsible for the tertiary structure of proteins?
What is the primary interaction responsible for the tertiary structure of proteins?
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What type of protein structure involves the formation of a single macromolecule from multiple polypeptide chains?
What type of protein structure involves the formation of a single macromolecule from multiple polypeptide chains?
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Which test specifically detects proteins and peptides that contain at least two peptide bonds?
Which test specifically detects proteins and peptides that contain at least two peptide bonds?
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Which amino acid would give a negative result in the Ninhydrin test?
Which amino acid would give a negative result in the Ninhydrin test?
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What color indicates a positive result in the Ninhydrin test for alpha amino acids?
What color indicates a positive result in the Ninhydrin test for alpha amino acids?
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Which type of amino acids are specifically detected by the Xanthoproteic reaction?
Which type of amino acids are specifically detected by the Xanthoproteic reaction?
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Which proteins are examples of quaternary structure?
Which proteins are examples of quaternary structure?
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What type of bond may reinforce the structure of certain proteins?
What type of bond may reinforce the structure of certain proteins?
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Study Notes
Cell Biomolecules Functions & Detection
- Biomolecules are chemicals in living organisms.
- Examples include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, enzymes, and nucleic acids.
- These biomolecules are essential for life processes like growth, reproduction, and sustenance.
- Diversity in their shapes and structures provides diversity in their functions.
- Cell membranes are made of a phospholipid bilayer.
- Proteins are embedded in the membrane.
- Some are peripheral and some are integral.
- Globular proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and cholesterol are all present.
- Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions.
- DNA is a double helix structure.
- Proteins consist of amino acid polymers linked by peptide bonds.
- The amino acid sequence (primary structure) determines the protein's function.
Protein Structure Levels
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Primary structure: The sequence of amino acids in a protein.
- Determined by the genetic information.
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Secondary structure: Coils and folds in the polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonds.
- Commonly a helix or pleated sheet.
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Tertiary structure: Interactions between R groups (side chains) in a protein.
- Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges affect the structure.
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Quaternary structure: Formed when two or more polypeptide chains associate.
- Examples are collagen and hemoglobin.
Protein Detection Methods
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Biuret test: Detects proteins and peptides with at least two peptide bonds.
- A positive result produces a violet color.
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Ninhydrin test: Detects amino acids.
- Positive result: violet blue color
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Xanthoproteic reaction: Detects aromatic amino acids.
- Positive result: orange color.
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Millon's reaction: Detects tyrosine amino acid.
- Positive result: purple red spots.
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Adamkiewicz's reaction: Detects tryptophan amino acid.
- Positive result: violet red compound.
Sulphur Containing Amino Acids
- A-Fohl's reaction: Detects sulfur-containing amino acids, leading to a black lead sulfide deposit.
- B-Nitroprusside reaction: Detects sulfur-containing amino acids, producing a violet red complex.
Protein Classification
- Simple proteins: Composed solely of amino acids.
- Conjugated proteins: Contain a non-protein component (prosthetic group).
- Derived proteins: Hydrolyzed or denatured proteins.
Phosphoproteins
- Phosphoproteins have a phosphate group attached, forming an ester linkage to the OH group of amino acids like serine, threonine, or tyrosine.
Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: Simple sugars.
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Polysaccharides: Polymers of monosaccharides.
- Examples: Starch, glycogen, cellulose
- Function in energy storage and structural support.
Carbohydrate Detection Methods
- Molisch test: Detects carbohydrates.
- Benedict's test: Detects reducing sugars.
- Seliwanoff's test: Detects ketoses.
- Barfoed's test: Detects monosaccharides.
- Iodine test: Detects starch.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the various types of biomolecules found in living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, enzymes, and nucleic acids. It explores their structures, functions, and the importance of proteins in cell membranes and enzymatic reactions. Test your knowledge on the diversity and roles of these essential biomolecules.
