Cell Biology: The Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which of the following is NOT a component of cell theory?

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms.

Cells are composed of organic molecules. (correct)

Chromatin threads condense to form chromosomes during cell division.

True (A)

What are the two main components of a chromosome?

DNA and proteins

The point where two sister chromatids are joined together is called the ______.

centromere Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

Chromatin = A long thread of DNA wrapped around proteins. Nucleosome = The condensed form of chromosomes that are visible during cell division. Chromatid = One of the two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined at the centromere. Centromere = The region where the two sister chromatids are attached. Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest stage in the cell cycle?

Interphase (C) Signup and view all the answers

During Interphase, the DNA in the cell is tightly packed in the form of chromosomes.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phases is NOT part of Interphase?

Mitosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three sub-phases of Interphase?

G1, S, and G2 Signup and view all the answers

A human gamete contains two sets of chromosomes.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

During the ______ phase of Interphase, DNA replication takes place.

S Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the S phase in the cell cycle?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

The process of ______ involves the division of the cytoplasm, creating two daughter cells after nuclear division.

cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Interphase sub-phases with their primary activities:

G1 = Cell growth and organelle synthesis S = DNA replication G2 = Preparation for cell division Signup and view all the answers

During cytokinesis in animal cells, what structure forms to divide the cell?

Cleavage furrow (A) Signup and view all the answers

In flowering plants, where are haploid egg cells produced?

Ovules of the ovary (A) Signup and view all the answers

Cytokinesis is the division of the cell's nucleus.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Meiotic cell division results in the production of diploid cells.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the first meiotic division?

The first meiotic division separates homologous chromosomes, ensuring that each daughter cell receives only one copy of each chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mitotic cell division in growth?

Mitotic cell division increases the number of cells, leading to an overall increase in the size of an organism. Signup and view all the answers

In mammals, the ______ are responsible for producing haploid sperm cells.

testes Signup and view all the answers

In plant cells, the ______ forms during cytokinesis to divide the cell.

cell plate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their corresponding functions in meiotic cell division:

Homologous Chromosomes = Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes but different alleles Sister Chromatids = Identical copies of a single chromosome connected at the centromere Centromere = The region where sister chromatids are attached Cytoplasmic Division = The process that divides the cytoplasm of a cell into two daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm Mitosis = Division of the nucleus Cell plate = Forms during cytokinesis in plant cells Cleavage furrow = Forms during cytokinesis in animal cells Binary fission = Asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, leading to genetic variation?

Prophase I (C) Signup and view all the answers

In Anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromatids are separated.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase I?

The random alignment of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase I contributes to the genetic diversity of the resulting gametes. Signup and view all the answers

The process of separating sister chromatids occurs during ______ of meiosis.

Anaphase II Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of meiosis?

Four haploid daughter cells are produced. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of meiosis with their corresponding events:

Prophase I = Chromosomes line up at the equator, sister chromatids attached to spindle fibres Metaphase I = Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles Anaphase I = Pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over Telophase I = Nuclear membrane reforms, two daughter nuclei are formed Prophase II = Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles Metaphase II = Chromosomes shorten and thicken, nuclear membrane breaks down Anaphase II = Nuclear membrane reforms, four daughter nuclei are formed Telophase II = Chromosomes line up at the equator, sister chromatids attached to spindle fibres Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitosis?

Production of daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

During telophase, the nuclear membrane reforms around the separated chromosomes.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure where sister chromatids are held together?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

The ______ stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plane of the cell.

metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of mitosis with their corresponding events:

Prophase = Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles Metaphase = Chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane Anaphase = Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes Telophase = Nuclear membrane reforms around chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What process results in variations between the gametes formed during meiosis?

Independent assortment of chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

The segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during the second meiotic division.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the random arrangement of homologous chromosomes into different gametes?

Independent assortment Signup and view all the answers

During the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes ________ into daughter nuclei.

segregate Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant outcome of meiotic cell division?

It restores the diploid condition during fertilization. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Meiotic cell division only serves to produce gametes with the same genetic material as the parent cell.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of crossing over in meiotic cell division?

It introduces genetic variation by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Meiotic cell division produces gametes with _____ the chromosome number of the parent cell.

half Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Diploid Condition = Two sets of chromosomes Gametes = Reproductive cells Crossing Over = Exchange of genetic material Natural Selection = Survival of the fittest Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the dense packing of DNA into chromosomes?

To ensure accurate chromosome sorting during cell division (C) Signup and view all the answers

Homologous chromosomes have identical DNA sequences.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The progressive packaging of DNA starts with the ______ and culminates in the formation of chromosomes.

DNA double helix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes results in the production of genetically identical daughter cells?

Mitosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis results in the formation of four daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of crossing over during meiosis?

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids, leading to increased genetic variation in offspring Signup and view all the answers

The process of ______ involves the random separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, further contributing to genetic variation.

independent assortment Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes or events with their corresponding descriptions:

Mitosis = Involves one cell division and produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell Meiosis = Involves two cell divisions and produces four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell Crossing over = Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during meiosis Independent assortment = Random separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a significance of mitosis?

Production of genetically diverse gametes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis occurs in both somatic cells and gamete-producing cells.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of meiosis in terms of genetic variation in offspring?

Meiosis introduces genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment, leading to unique combinations of alleles in offspring. Signup and view all the answers

Cell Biology: The Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of cell theory?

Chromatin threads condense to form chromosomes during cell division.

What are the two main components of a chromosome?

The point where two sister chromatids are joined together is called the ______.

Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

What is the longest stage in the cell cycle?

During Interphase, the DNA in the cell is tightly packed in the form of chromosomes.

Which of the following phases is NOT part of Interphase?

What are the three sub-phases of Interphase?

A human gamete contains two sets of chromosomes.

During the ______ phase of Interphase, DNA replication takes place.

What is the primary function of the S phase in the cell cycle?

The process of ______ involves the division of the cytoplasm, creating two daughter cells after nuclear division.

Match the following Interphase sub-phases with their primary activities:

During cytokinesis in animal cells, what structure forms to divide the cell?

In flowering plants, where are haploid egg cells produced?

Cytokinesis is the division of the cell's nucleus.

Meiotic cell division results in the production of diploid cells.

What is the primary function of the first meiotic division?

What is the primary role of mitotic cell division in growth?

In mammals, the ______ are responsible for producing haploid sperm cells.

In plant cells, the ______ forms during cytokinesis to divide the cell.

Match the following structures with their corresponding functions in meiotic cell division:

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, leading to genetic variation?

In Anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromatids are separated.

What is the significance of the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase I?

The process of separating sister chromatids occurs during ______ of meiosis.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of meiosis?

Match the following stages of meiosis with their corresponding events:

What is the primary function of mitosis?

During telophase, the nuclear membrane reforms around the separated chromosomes.

What is the name of the structure where sister chromatids are held together?

The ______ stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plane of the cell.

Match the stages of mitosis with their corresponding events:

What process results in variations between the gametes formed during meiosis?

The segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during the second meiotic division.

What is the term used for the random arrangement of homologous chromosomes into different gametes?

During the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes ________ into daughter nuclei.

What is one significant outcome of meiotic cell division?

Meiotic cell division only serves to produce gametes with the same genetic material as the parent cell.

What is the role of crossing over in meiotic cell division?

Meiotic cell division produces gametes with _____ the chromosome number of the parent cell.

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

What is the primary reason for the dense packing of DNA into chromosomes?

Homologous chromosomes have identical DNA sequences.

The progressive packaging of DNA starts with the ______ and culminates in the formation of chromosomes.

Which of the following processes results in the production of genetically identical daughter cells?

Meiosis results in the formation of four daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

What is the primary function of crossing over during meiosis?

The process of ______ involves the random separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, further contributing to genetic variation.

Match the following processes or events with their corresponding descriptions:

Which of the following is NOT a significance of mitosis?

Mitosis occurs in both somatic cells and gamete-producing cells.

What is the significance of meiosis in terms of genetic variation in offspring?

More Like This

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

Cell Biology: Chromosomes and Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes Overview

Cell Biology: Chromatin and Cell Cycle Overview