Cell Biology: Structure and Function
51 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What function does the plasma membrane perform aside from separating a cell from its external environment?

Regulates passage of molecules into and out of the cell

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Control cells metabolic activities and replication

What does the cell membrane regulate?

Transport of substances into and out of the cell

What are mitochondria known for?

<p>The sites of cellular respiration and energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

<p>Serve as a site for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peroxisomes?

<p>Contains enzymes for fat digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do lysosomes contain?

<p>Enzymes for protein digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cilia?

<p>Hairlike protrusions on cells that beat and vibrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrioles?

<p>Aid in cell division by separating chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is active transport?

<p>Movement of particles across a membrane from an area of lower concentration against a concentration gradient, to an area of higher concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is filtration?

<p>Movement of solutes and water across a membrane as a result of mechanical force</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis?

<p>Movement of solvent through a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does diffusion refer to?

<p>Particles scatter themselves evenly through a medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dysplasia?

<p>Change to size, shape, and organization of cells as a result of stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a benign tumor?

<p>Composed of cells confined to the local area</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a neoplasm?

<p>Results of cell division that does not occur in the usual pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neoplasia?

<p>Changes in cell structure that occur in an uncontrolled growth pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is atrophy?

<p>Cells decrease in size due to aging or disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperplasia?

<p>Cells increase in number; related to hormonal situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hypertrophy?

<p>Cells increase in size as a result of increased workload</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is papilloma?

<p>Type of tumor of the epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lysosomes commonly referred to as?

<p>Suicide bags</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting phase in the process of mitosis called?

<p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for DNA and protein material in a loose and diffuse state?

<p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the increase in cell number?

<p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure controls the activities of the cell and facilitates cell division?

<p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Presence of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does most of the cell's energy come from?

<p>Rod-shaped organelles called mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of passive transport of materials through the cell membrane?

<p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the change to the size, shape, and organization of cells as a result of a stimulus called?

<p>Dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is protoplasm?

<p>An aqueous solution of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and inorganic salts surrounded by a cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do the chromosomes migrate to the opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word root 'cyto' mean?

<p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure regulates the passage or transport of certain molecules into and out of the cell?

<p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cell eating called?

<p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit of measurement is used to measure the size of cells and their components?

<p>Micron (micrometer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ribosomes composed of?

<p>Ribonucleic acid and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures store the hereditary material DNA?

<p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the background for all chemical reactions that take place in a cell?

<p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a solution of higher concentration to a solution of lower concentration?

<p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -plasm mean?

<p>Growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you best describe the cell membrane?

<p>Selective semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are in a human cell?

<p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane start to dissolve?

<p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a cause of cell necrosis?

<p>Perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the state in which molecules are evenly distributed in the available space?

<p>Equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis?

<p>Movement of water molecules across a selective permeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical compound is required for active transport?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

<p>With phagocytosis, the engulfed substances are in particles; with pinocytosis, the engulfed substances are in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding specialization among cells?

<p>Specialized cells may lose the ability to reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer occurs in bones, tissues, muscles, and fat?

<p>Sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

  • Plasma membrane regulates molecule passage and separates internal and external environments.
  • The nucleus controls cell metabolism and replication.
  • Cell membrane also serves as a barrier, facilitating substance transport.

Organelles and Their Functions

  • Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and producing energy.
  • Ribosomes are the sites for protein synthesis.
  • Peroxisomes house enzymes that assist in fat digestion.
  • Lysosomes contain enzymes for protein digestion, often referred to as "suicide bags."

Cellular Movement and Transport Mechanisms

  • Active transport moves particles from lower to higher concentration against the gradient utilizing energy (ATP).
  • Osmosis describes the movement of solvent across a membrane from high solute concentration to low.
  • Diffusion is the process where particles spread evenly in a medium.
  • Filtration involves the movement of solutes and water across a membrane due to mechanical force.

Cell Growth and Changes

  • Dysplasia represents changes in cell size, shape, and organization due to stimuli.
  • Benign tumors are localized clusters of abnormal cells.
  • Neoplasm refers to abnormal cell division patterns.
  • Neoplasia indicates uncontrolled growth patterns with altered cell structures.
  • Atrophy describes cell size reduction due to aging or disease, while hypertrophy denotes an increase in cell size from overload.
  • Hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in cell number, often linked to hormonal influences.

Tumors

  • Papilloma is a tumor type arising from epithelial tissue.
  • Sarcoma refers to cancer occurring in bones, muscles, and connective tissues.

Cell Activity and Life Cycle

  • Interphase is the resting phase in the mitosis process.
  • Chromatin consists of loose DNA and protein material.
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum is identified by the presence of ribosomes, differentiating it from smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Membrane Dynamics

  • The cell membrane is selectively semipermeable, regulating the transport of essential molecules.
  • Phagocytosis (cell eating) involves engulfing solid particles, while pinocytosis (cell drinking) pertains to engulfing liquids.

Measurement and Composition

  • The micron (micrometer) is the unit used to measure cell sizes and components.
  • Ribosomes, composed of RNA and protein, synthesize proteins.
  • Chromosomes store DNA, ensuring genetic information is passed to future generations.
  • Cytoplasm is the medium where cellular reactions occur.

Cell Division Insights

  • Telophase is when chromosomes migrate to cell poles during mitosis.
  • Mitosis begins with prophase, where the nuclear membrane starts dissolving.
  • Human cells typically contain 46 chromosomes.

Additional Definitions and Concepts

  • The suffix "-plasm" refers to growth.
  • Equilibrium denotes a state where molecules are evenly spaced within a given area.
  • Active transport requires ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) for energy.
  • Understanding the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis is crucial for recognizing how cells obtain resources and nutrients.
  • Specialized cells may lose their ability to reproduce, highlighting their specific functions within tissues.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on cell structure and function with this quiz. Explore key components like organelles, plasma membranes, and mechanisms of transport. Understand how cells operate and the processes that maintain their functionality.

More Like This

Cell Biology: Membrane and Transport Quiz
49 questions

Cell Biology: Membrane and Transport Quiz

VirtuousWilliamsite3066 avatar
VirtuousWilliamsite3066
Cell Organelles and Transport Mechanisms page 2
10 questions

Cell Organelles and Transport Mechanisms page 2

ElegantSuccess avatar
ElegantSuccess
Cell Structure and Function
16 questions

Cell Structure and Function

ProtectiveTellurium7737 avatar
ProtectiveTellurium7737
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser