Cell Biology and Transport Mechanisms

<p>Breaking down cellular waste and debris. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active Transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases permeability to small, nonpolar molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoskeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis in the cytosol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular movement and shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selectively regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosome → Cytosol → Plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formulating the drug with a hydrophobic carrier to enhance diffusion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules are larger in size compared to microfilaments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosome movement during cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of cilia and flagella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control of cellular activities through gene expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleolus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling cellular structure and directing cellular activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects a high level of ribosome subunit production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows them to carry more oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the flow of substances into and out of the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many act as transmembrane proteins, spanning the entire lipid bilayer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By enabling cell recognition, adhesion, and protection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are attached to the polar heads of membrane lipids or integral proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-to-cell recognition and adhesion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesizing lipids for the cell membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct synthesis of ATP for cellular energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective permeability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clustering of negatively charged ions near the inner surface of a cell membrane coupled with a higher concentration of these ions outside the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules in a '9+2' arrangement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lining of the small intestine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive transport. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary active transport of sodium ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using the electrochemical gradient of one ion to move another molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of integral membrane proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of substances into, across, and out of a cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinocytosis is non-selective, while receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly selective. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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The jelly-like substance inside the cell where organelles are located.

The liquid portion of the cytoplasm, which houses organelles and cellular components.

Specialized structures within a cell, each with specific functions.

The boundary of the cell controlling entry and exit of substances.

Movement of substances across cell membranes without energy, like diffusion and osmosis.

Movement requiring energy to move substances against their gradient.

A combination of concentration and electrical gradients affecting ion movement across membranes.

Thinnest filaments composed of actin, aiding in movement and shape.

Filaments made of keratin that stabilize cell structures and connections.

Large filaments made of tubulin that shape cells and aid in movement.

Generate movement and provide mechanical support and shape to the cell.

Stabilize organelle positions and attach cells to one another.

Determine cell shape and assist with movement of structures inside the cell.

Prominent structure controlling cellular activities and producing ribosomal subunits.

Double membrane around the nucleus with pores for molecule exchange.

Hereditary units in the nucleus that control cellular structure and activities, composed of DNA.

A double helix structure that stores genetic information in cells and is packaged as nucleosomes.

A flexible membrane structure made of two layers of lipids, forming the cell's barrier.

Proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer, many functioning as channels or receptors.

A coating formed by glycoproteins and glycolipids that help cells recognize and adhere to each other.

The ability of the plasma membrane to allow certain substances to pass more easily than others.

Proteins that are loosely attached to the membrane's surface, not firmly embedded.

The difference in concentration of a substance across a space.

Integral proteins that extend across the lipid bilayer, often acting as channels or transporters.

The difference in charge across a membrane, where one side is more negatively charged than the other.

Hair-like structures that move fluid along cell surfaces, like in the respiratory tract.

Long projections that enable entire cells to move, such as sperm cells.

Tiny projections that increase the surface area for absorption in the digestive system.

Passive Transport moves substances down gradients without energy; Active Transport moves substances against gradients requiring energy.

Transport that indirectly uses ATP via ion gradients, moving substances against their concentration gradient.

Transport of substances across a membrane through specific carrier proteins, without energy expenditure.

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, driven by concentration differences.

A small spherical sac used to transport substances within cells or to release them outside the cell.

Process by which cells engulf external substances, creating vesicles from the plasma membrane.

Type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large solid particles to protect the body.

Selective uptake of specific ligands by cells after binding to receptor proteins on the membrane.

Type of endocytosis that engulfs tiny droplets of extracellular fluid, often called pinocytosis.

The process of vesicles releasing their contents outside the cell, such as hormones or neurotransmitters.

Process of moving substances into, across, and out of a cell, especially in epithelial cells.

Controls communication and substance exchange between cells and their environment.

Network of protein filaments that gives the cell its shape and helps organize contents.

Fluid portion of cytoplasm where biochemical reactions occur.

Controls cell activities and houses the cell's DNA.