Cell Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the DNA in a cell during the cell cycle?

To control cell movement and shape

To regulate the synthesis of proteins exclusively

To determine the timing of cell division and death (correct)

To enhance nutrient absorption in the cell

Which phase of interphase is characterized by the first period of rapid growth in the cell?

G1 Phase (correct)

S Phase

G0 Phase

G2 Phase

What occurs during the DNA synthesis phase (S) of interphase?

Cellular organelles are broken down

Cells undergo apoptosis

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes

DNA is duplicated to prepare for cell division (correct)

In what phase does a cell enter G0, and what does this phase signify?

During G1, indicating a temporary or permanent exit from the cell cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT a reason for cell division?

Increase in cell size beyond limits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within a cell?

Producing and assembling ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

The presence of ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which structure within the cell is involved in the detoxification of drugs and toxins?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature characterizes centrioles in a cell?

Pairs of cylindrical structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Transporting and modifying proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nuclear envelope?

A double membrane with nuclear pores Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

Synthesis of proteins Signup and view all the answers

How do the structures of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ?

Rough ER is interconnected with ribosomes, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

Production of ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

The presence of ribosomes on its surface Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is specifically involved in photosynthesis?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What role does the matrix play within mitochondria?

Location of metabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily serves as a barrier and regulates the transport of materials into and out of the nucleus?

Nuclear envelope Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of vacuoles in plant cells compared to animal cells?

Larger size, identified as a central vacuole Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the Golgi apparatus relate to its function?

Its folded membranes facilitate the modification and packaging of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nuclear pores present in the nuclear envelope?

To regulate exchange of materials Signup and view all the answers

What component of an animal cell selectively controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Plasma Membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the cytoplasm in an animal cell?

It is a gel-like material that houses organelles and nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the nucleus is true?

It controls all cellular activities and contains genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a principle of Cell Theory?

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter. Signup and view all the answers

The plasma membrane is composed mainly of which type of macromolecule?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nuclear envelope play in the function of the nucleus?

It protects the genetic material and regulates substance exchange. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of cell part and its function?

Plasma Membrane - facilitates cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is essential for the plasma membrane's selective permeability?

Double layer of phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate during physical activity?

Nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palisade tissue in leaves?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of guard cells in the lower epidermis of leaves?

Control gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water in plants?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

During exercise, what substance is released into the bloodstream from the liver to provide energy to muscles?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the root system in plants?

Store glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in leaves is responsible for minimizing water loss in hot environments?

Cuticle Signup and view all the answers

What are stomates primarily responsible for?

Gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the flower in a plant?

Reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What does the spongy mesophyll in leaves primarily facilitate?

Gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for the development of healthy bones?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What function does the stem NOT perform in a plant?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems does NOT contribute to the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body during exercise?

Digestive system Signup and view all the answers

What assists in the absorption of calcium in the body?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

To cover and protect the body while sensing the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is mainly responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues?

Cardiovascular system Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nervous system play in coordinating body functions?

Detecting and processing sensory information Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes an organ system?

Organizations of tissues into complex formations performing specific functions Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the urinary/excretory system?

Controls water balance and removes wastes from blood Signup and view all the answers

How do the skeletal and muscular systems interact during movement?

Muscles move bones, enabling movement and stability. Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system contributes to the elimination of wastes and the return of fluids to the bloodstream?

Lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

What best describes homeostasis in the body?

A stable internal environment maintained within an acceptable range Signup and view all the answers

What function do the organs in the respiratory system perform?

Remove carbon dioxide and deliver oxygen to the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is incorrectly paired with its primary function?

Skeletal system - Produces gametes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the male reproductive system?

To produce and deliver sex hormones and gametes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following levels is the simplest in the biological hierarchy?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is part of the digestive system and is involved in nutrient absorption?

Large intestine Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the integumentary system interact with the circulatory system?

It impacts blood flow to regulate body temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Theory

All living things are made up of one or more cells
The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out life processes
All cells come from other cells; they do not form from non-living matter

Cell Organelles - Animal Cell

Plasma Cell Membrane: Selectively permeable border of the cell, composed of a double layer of phospholipids. Forms a protective barrier around the cell. Allows different substances to move through it
Cytoplasm: Gel-like material—helps different substances move through the cell.

Cell Organelles - Additional

Nucleus: Contains genetic information. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope. Controls all activities in the cell; DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing. Protects organelles and cell structure
Nucleolus: Darker structure within the nucleus. Produces and assembles the cell's ribosomes
Nuclear Envelope (membrane): Double membrane with nuclear pores that encloses the nucleus. Protects and separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
Ribosome: Produced in the nucleolus. Can be bound to the ER or freely floating in the cytoplasm. Protein synthesis.
Centrioles: Cylindrical structure of 9 triplets of tubes. Centrioles always exist as a pair. Helps with cell division and organises microtubules
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Folded, interconnected membrane covered in ribosomes (rough) that extends from the nuclear envelope. Folds and packages proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Folded, interconnected membrane with no ribosomes (smooth) that extends from the nuclear envelope. Production of fats and oils, detoxifies drugs and toxins.
Golgi Apparatus: Folded interconnected membranes and vesicles near the ER. Transport.
Mitochondria: Double-membrane structure. Inner membrane has many folds to increase surface area. The innermost cavity is the matrix. Converts chemical energy in sugars into energy the cell can use.
Vacuole: Fluid-filled sacs. Stores food, waste, and water.
Vesicle: Small cellular containers. Transport materials
Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes – Breaking down nutrients and excess/worn-out cell parts

Cell Specialization and Stem Cells

Specialized cells are differentiated from unspecialized stem cells and conduct specific functions
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that differentiate when signalled by environmental chemicals.

Plant Cell Parts

Cell wall: A rigid wall that provides structure.
Cytoplasm: Gel like material made of water and dissolved minerals, containing organells.

Tissues

Epithelial Tissue (skin): Lines and protects outer surfaces of organs.
Connective Tissue (bone, fat, blood): Strengthens, protects, connects cells and tissues, forms blood, and protects.

Plant Tissues

Meristematic Tissue: Unspecialized cells found throughout the plant to grow new parts
Epidermal Tissue: Outer protective cover tissue; separates the upper and lower epidermis; has guard cells and root hair cells
Ground Tissue: Provides Strength & support; stores food and water; conducts photosynthesis; has storage cells and photosynthetic cells
Vascular Tissue: Transports water from roots to other parts of plant (xylem); transports food from leaves to other parts of plant (phloem).

Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells: Only during embryonic stage. Collect and save umbilical cords at birth. Can differentiate into any kind of cell.
Adult Stem Cells: Can differentiate into any kind of cell.

Cancer Cells

Cancer cells occur due to mutation in DNA instructions (cell duplication errors or environment factors)
Characteristics: Many cells that consistently grow and divide. Variations in size and shapes of cells. Nucleus that is larger and darker than normal; abnormal number of chromosomes arranged in a disorganized fashion; cluster of cells without a boundary
Development of cancer: Abnormal cells divide rapidly and form a clump (tumour)
benign tumors vs. malignant tumors
metastasis
Diagnosis and treatment for cancer

Organ Systems

A hierarchy shows more complex levels at the top with simpler levels below.
A biological hierarchy features 12 levels: Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organ system, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Organelle, Molecule, Atom, Subatomic.
Animal organ systems: Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary/excretory, Male reproductive, Female reproductive.

Plant Organ Systems

Shoot system: Above ground (Stems, Leaves).
Root system: Below ground (Roots).

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of cell biology, focusing on the cell cycle, interphase, and cellular structures. This quiz will challenge your understanding of cell functions and the roles of various organelles within the cell.