Cell Biology Quiz
57 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the DNA in a cell during the cell cycle?

  • To control cell movement and shape
  • To regulate the synthesis of proteins exclusively
  • To determine the timing of cell division and death (correct)
  • To enhance nutrient absorption in the cell

Which phase of interphase is characterized by the first period of rapid growth in the cell?

  • G1 Phase (correct)
  • S Phase
  • G0 Phase
  • G2 Phase

What occurs during the DNA synthesis phase (S) of interphase?

  • Cellular organelles are broken down
  • Cells undergo apoptosis
  • Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
  • DNA is duplicated to prepare for cell division (correct)

In what phase does a cell enter G0, and what does this phase signify?

<p>During G1, indicating a temporary or permanent exit from the cell cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT a reason for cell division?

<p>Increase in cell size beyond limits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within a cell?

<p>Producing and assembling ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>The presence of ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure within the cell is involved in the detoxification of drugs and toxins?

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature characterizes centrioles in a cell?

<p>Pairs of cylindrical structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

<p>Transporting and modifying proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nuclear envelope?

<p>A double membrane with nuclear pores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Synthesis of proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the structures of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ?

<p>Rough ER is interconnected with ribosomes, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

<p>Production of ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>The presence of ribosomes on its surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is specifically involved in photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the matrix play within mitochondria?

<p>Location of metabolic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily serves as a barrier and regulates the transport of materials into and out of the nucleus?

<p>Nuclear envelope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of vacuoles in plant cells compared to animal cells?

<p>Larger size, identified as a central vacuole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the Golgi apparatus relate to its function?

<p>Its folded membranes facilitate the modification and packaging of proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nuclear pores present in the nuclear envelope?

<p>To regulate exchange of materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of an animal cell selectively controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

<p>Plasma Membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the cytoplasm in an animal cell?

<p>It is a gel-like material that houses organelles and nutrients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the nucleus is true?

<p>It controls all cellular activities and contains genetic information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a principle of Cell Theory?

<p>Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The plasma membrane is composed mainly of which type of macromolecule?

<p>Phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nuclear envelope play in the function of the nucleus?

<p>It protects the genetic material and regulates substance exchange. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of cell part and its function?

<p>Plasma Membrane - facilitates cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is essential for the plasma membrane's selective permeability?

<p>Double layer of phospholipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate during physical activity?

<p>Nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palisade tissue in leaves?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of guard cells in the lower epidermis of leaves?

<p>Control gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water in plants?

<p>Xylem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During exercise, what substance is released into the bloodstream from the liver to provide energy to muscles?

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the root system in plants?

<p>Store glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in leaves is responsible for minimizing water loss in hot environments?

<p>Cuticle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are stomates primarily responsible for?

<p>Gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the flower in a plant?

<p>Reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the spongy mesophyll in leaves primarily facilitate?

<p>Gas exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for the development of healthy bones?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the stem NOT perform in a plant?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems does NOT contribute to the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body during exercise?

<p>Digestive system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assists in the absorption of calcium in the body?

<p>Vitamin D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

<p>To cover and protect the body while sensing the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is mainly responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues?

<p>Cardiovascular system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nervous system play in coordinating body functions?

<p>Detecting and processing sensory information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes an organ system?

<p>Organizations of tissues into complex formations performing specific functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the urinary/excretory system?

<p>Controls water balance and removes wastes from blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the skeletal and muscular systems interact during movement?

<p>Muscles move bones, enabling movement and stability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system contributes to the elimination of wastes and the return of fluids to the bloodstream?

<p>Lymphatic system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes homeostasis in the body?

<p>A stable internal environment maintained within an acceptable range (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do the organs in the respiratory system perform?

<p>Remove carbon dioxide and deliver oxygen to the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is incorrectly paired with its primary function?

<p>Skeletal system - Produces gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the male reproductive system?

<p>To produce and deliver sex hormones and gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following levels is the simplest in the biological hierarchy?

<p>Cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is part of the digestive system and is involved in nutrient absorption?

<p>Large intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the integumentary system interact with the circulatory system?

<p>It impacts blood flow to regulate body temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life. New cells arise from existing cells, not from non-living matter.

Plasma Membrane

A thin, flexible membrane that surrounds the cell, controlling what enters and leaves.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance within the cell, where the organelles are suspended.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing genetic material in the form of DNA.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ribosomes

The site of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes that transports materials throughout the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Golgi Apparatus

A small, round organelle responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for transport.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mitochondria

Powerhouses of the cell, responsible for generating energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DNA

The genetic material of a cell, containing instructions for building and maintaining the organism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DNA Replication

The process of copying DNA to create a new DNA molecule. It's essential for cell division, as each new cell needs a complete set of DNA.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transcription

The process of using DNA to create RNA, a messenger molecule that carries the DNA instructions to the ribosomes where proteins are made.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RNA

A type of nucleic acid that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are made.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nuclear Envelope

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus. It protects the nucleus and regulates what goes in and out.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Centrioles

A cylindrical structure, usually in pairs, involved in cell division. They help organise microtubules, which are important for separating chromosomes during cell division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the cell cycle?

The cell cycle is a series of stages that a cell goes through from its formation until its division into two daughter cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is cell division?

The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Interphase?

Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, performs its normal functions, and duplicates its DNA before preparing for cell division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the phases of Interphase?

G1, S, and G2 are the three phases of Interphase. Each phase has specific roles in the cell's growth and preparation for division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is apoptosis?

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death, a controlled and regulated process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A folded interconnected membrane covered in ribosomes that extends from the nuclear envelope.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A folded interconnected membrane WITHOUT ribosomes that extends from the nuclear envelope.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chloroplast

A double-membrane structure, the inner membrane has many folds to increase surface area, the innermost cavity is called the stroma and it's green due to chlorophyll.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is remission in cancer?

A decrease in or complete disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer, often achieved through treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is cancer recurrence?

The reappearance of cancer after a period of remission, indicating the disease has returned.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a biological hierarchy?

A way to organize biological structures from the most complex to the simplest, with each level building upon the previous one.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an ecosystem?

The largest and most complex level of biological organization, encompassing all living organisms and their physical environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a community?

A group of different populations of species living and interacting within a specific geographical area.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a population?

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area and interacting with each other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an organism?

A single, complete living organism capable of carrying out all life processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an organ system?

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an organ?

A structure made up of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a tissue?

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a cell?

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are organelles?

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an atom?

The smallest unit of matter that can exist independently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are cells?

The functional units of tissues that perform a specific task within the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are organs?

Structures composed of organized tissues that perform a specific function within the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epidermis (Leaf)

The upper layer of a leaf, covered by a waxy cuticle, providing protection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Palisade Tissue

The layer below the epidermis, packed with chloroplasts, where most photosynthesis occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spongy Mesophyll

Loosely packed cells with open spaces, allowing gas exchange for photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vascular Bundle

The central core of the leaf, containing xylem (carries water upwards) and phloem (carries food downwards).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stomata

Openings on the lower epidermis, controlled by guard cells, mediating gas exchange.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Guard Cells

Specialized cells flanking the stomata, controlling their opening and closing to regulate gas exchange.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transpiration

The evaporation of water through the stomata in the leaves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shoot System

The above-ground part of a vascular plant, including stems, leaves, and reproductive structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cuticle

Waxy layer on the upper epidermis of a leaf, reducing water loss.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stem

Supports the plant and transports sap. Contains most xylem and phloem.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flower

Reproductive structure, not involved in plant maintenance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Root System

The below-ground part of a vascular plant, anchoring the plant and absorbing water/minerals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sweating for Cooling

The process of the body releasing heat through sweating.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Increased Breathing Rate

The increase in breathing rate during exercise to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glucose Release from Liver

The release of stored glucose from the liver into the bloodstream for muscle energy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Cell Theory

  • All living things are made up of one or more cells
  • The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out life processes
  • All cells come from other cells; they do not form from non-living matter

Cell Organelles - Animal Cell

  • Plasma Cell Membrane: Selectively permeable border of the cell, composed of a double layer of phospholipids. Forms a protective barrier around the cell. Allows different substances to move through it
  • Cytoplasm: Gel-like material—helps different substances move through the cell.

Cell Organelles - Additional

  • Nucleus: Contains genetic information. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope. Controls all activities in the cell; DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing. Protects organelles and cell structure
  • Nucleolus: Darker structure within the nucleus. Produces and assembles the cell's ribosomes
  • Nuclear Envelope (membrane): Double membrane with nuclear pores that encloses the nucleus. Protects and separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
  • Ribosome: Produced in the nucleolus. Can be bound to the ER or freely floating in the cytoplasm. Protein synthesis.
  • Centrioles: Cylindrical structure of 9 triplets of tubes. Centrioles always exist as a pair. Helps with cell division and organises microtubules
  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Folded, interconnected membrane covered in ribosomes (rough) that extends from the nuclear envelope. Folds and packages proteins.
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Folded, interconnected membrane with no ribosomes (smooth) that extends from the nuclear envelope. Production of fats and oils, detoxifies drugs and toxins.
  • Golgi Apparatus: Folded interconnected membranes and vesicles near the ER. Transport.
  • Mitochondria: Double-membrane structure. Inner membrane has many folds to increase surface area. The innermost cavity is the matrix. Converts chemical energy in sugars into energy the cell can use.
  • Vacuole: Fluid-filled sacs. Stores food, waste, and water.
  • Vesicle: Small cellular containers. Transport materials
  • Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes – Breaking down nutrients and excess/worn-out cell parts

Cell Specialization and Stem Cells

  • Specialized cells are differentiated from unspecialized stem cells and conduct specific functions
  • Stem cells are unspecialized cells that differentiate when signalled by environmental chemicals.

Plant Cell Parts

  • Cell wall: A rigid wall that provides structure.
  • Cytoplasm: Gel like material made of water and dissolved minerals, containing organells.

Tissues

  • Epithelial Tissue (skin): Lines and protects outer surfaces of organs.
  • Connective Tissue (bone, fat, blood): Strengthens, protects, connects cells and tissues, forms blood, and protects.

Plant Tissues

  • Meristematic Tissue: Unspecialized cells found throughout the plant to grow new parts
  • Epidermal Tissue: Outer protective cover tissue; separates the upper and lower epidermis; has guard cells and root hair cells
  • Ground Tissue: Provides Strength & support; stores food and water; conducts photosynthesis; has storage cells and photosynthetic cells
  • Vascular Tissue: Transports water from roots to other parts of plant (xylem); transports food from leaves to other parts of plant (phloem).

Stem Cells

  • Embryonic Stem Cells: Only during embryonic stage. Collect and save umbilical cords at birth. Can differentiate into any kind of cell.
  • Adult Stem Cells: Can differentiate into any kind of cell.

Cancer Cells

  • Cancer cells occur due to mutation in DNA instructions (cell duplication errors or environment factors)
  • Characteristics: Many cells that consistently grow and divide. Variations in size and shapes of cells. Nucleus that is larger and darker than normal; abnormal number of chromosomes arranged in a disorganized fashion; cluster of cells without a boundary
  • Development of cancer: Abnormal cells divide rapidly and form a clump (tumour)
  • benign tumors vs. malignant tumors
  • metastasis
  • Diagnosis and treatment for cancer

Organ Systems

  • A hierarchy shows more complex levels at the top with simpler levels below.
  • A biological hierarchy features 12 levels: Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organ system, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Organelle, Molecule, Atom, Subatomic.
  • Animal organ systems: Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary/excretory, Male reproductive, Female reproductive. 

Plant Organ Systems

  • Shoot system: Above ground (Stems, Leaves).
  • Root system: Below ground (Roots).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

SNC2D6 Science Exam Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of cell biology, focusing on the cell cycle, interphase, and cellular structures. This quiz will challenge your understanding of cell functions and the roles of various organelles within the cell.

More Like This

Biology: Cell Structure and Cycle
6 questions

Biology: Cell Structure and Cycle

RevolutionaryDulcimer avatar
RevolutionaryDulcimer
Cell Cycle and Cellular Structures Quiz
47 questions

Cell Cycle and Cellular Structures Quiz

WellReceivedSquirrel7948 avatar
WellReceivedSquirrel7948
Cell Biology Chapter 1.5
16 questions

Cell Biology Chapter 1.5

PleasantFarce avatar
PleasantFarce
Cell Biology: The Nucleus and Its Structures
10 questions

Cell Biology: The Nucleus and Its Structures

ValuableNebula avatar
ValuableNebula
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser