Cell Biology Quiz: Reproduction and Cell Cycle

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction produces identical cells.

Sexual reproduction is found in prokaryotes.

Asexual reproduction involves two parent cells.

Asexual reproduction does not involve sex cells. (correct)

Which process do eukaryotic cells use to create gametes for sexual reproduction?

Cloning

Meiosis (correct)

Mitosis

Binary fission

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of a chromosome after replication?

It is composed of multiple linear strands of DNA.

It exists only in its chromatin form.

It is single-armed and loosely packed.

It consists of two sister chromatids and a centromere. (correct)

Which feature is unique to binary fission in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotic processes?

The formation of a cross-wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of spindle fibers during cell division?

To pull sister chromatids apart. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle?

Uncontrolled cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a possible cause of mutations in cell cycle genes?

Exercise Signup and view all the answers

What role does the p53 protein play in the cell cycle?

Promotes apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when replicated strands attach to each other at the centromeres during cell division?

DACS Signup and view all the answers

What defines cancer as a disease of the cell cycle?

Errors in cell cycle regulation lead to uncontrolled growth Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by no division occurring?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to checkpoint proteins if the genes for them are mutated?

They may fail to regulate cell division Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the anaphase of mitosis?

DACs separate into individual chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cytokinesis?

Separate the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells has the highest diploid chromosome number?

Goldfish Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the nuclear envelope break down?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do DACS align at the equator of the cell?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

How many strands of chromatin are present in a parent cell before division occurs?

2 strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that cells need to remain small?

To allow for efficient movement of materials in and out Signup and view all the answers

If two cells have the same volume, how can their SA/V ratios differ?

By changing the shape of the cells Signup and view all the answers

When comparing two cells, which statement is true about larger cells?

They have more mitochondria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of DNA replication prior to cell division?

To ensure each daughter cell receives a complete copy of DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells typically ranges from 1-10 micrometers in size?

Prokaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cube configuration has the highest surface area to volume ratio?

Sixty-Four 1-Centimeter Cubes Signup and view all the answers

How do larger cells compare to smaller cells in terms of nutrient transport?

Smaller cells have shorter distances for transport. Signup and view all the answers

What role does surface area play in a cell's efficiency?

Higher surface area enhances nutrient uptake. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the p53 gene in relation to the cell cycle?

It helps in error correction during DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

How do proto-oncogenes normally function in the body?

They help cells grow and divide as usual. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a proto-oncogene undergoes mutation?

It becomes an oncogene that is always active. Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor for cancer is related to genetic predisposition?

Family history. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer treatment is targeted specifically at certain molecules necessary for tumor growth?

Targeted cancer therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the p53 protein play if it is functioning correctly?

It signals for cell apoptosis if DNA damage is detected. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of malignant tumors?

They remain localized. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of a mutation in tumor suppressor genes?

Uncontrolled cell growth. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily occurs during anaphase in cell division?

Spindle fibers contract causing centromeres to split Signup and view all the answers

Which event marks the beginning of telophase?

Spindle movement is completed Signup and view all the answers

How does cytokinesis differ in animal cells compared to plant cells?

Animal cells separate through inward pinching while plant cells form a new wall Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cancer cells is true?

They typically spread to new locations and grow rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of benign tumors?

They grow slowly and do not spread Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the term 'metastasis' in relation to cancer?

The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes an event occurring in telophase?

Spindle fibers disassemble Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of cancer cells is highlighted by impaired contact inhibition?

Failure to sense nearby cells and stop dividing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Size

Cells are microscopic, requiring magnification to be seen.
Prokaryotic cells range from 1-10 micrometers (µm).
Most animal and plant cells range from 10-100 µm.
Cells need to be small to efficiently move materials into and out of the cell.
DNA synthesis cannot keep pace with cell growth.

SA/V Ratio

The surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/V) is crucial for cell function.
A smaller cell has a higher SA/V ratio, allowing for efficient material exchange.
Larger cells have a lower SA/V ratio, making material exchange less efficient.
A larger SA/V ratio allows cells to manage the exchange of materials more readily.

Cell Reproduction

Cell reproduction allows organisms to grow, repair, and reproduce.
Unicellular organisms reproduce to create a new organism.
Multicellular organisms reproduce to make new cells for growth, repair, and development.

Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction involves two parent cells (gametes), combining their genetic material. This creates genetic variation.
Asexual reproduction involves one parent cell, creating genetically identical offspring.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Reproduction

Prokaryotic cells reproduce through binary fission, creating a copy of the cell and then splitting.
Eukaryotic cells reproduce through mitosis/meiosis.

Cell Cycle

Interphase is the longest phase where the cell grows and replicates its DNA.
Mitosis is the nuclear division of cells.
Cytokinesis is the cytoplasmic division of cells to create daughter cells.
The cell cycle has specific checkpoints to ensure accurate DNA replication and cell division.

Cancer

Cancer is a disease where cells divide uncontrollably.
Mutations are a major cause of uncontrolled cell division in cancer.
Cancer cells grow uncontrollably and may invade surrounding tissues.
Genes controlling the cell cycle are often altered in cancer.
Chemotherapy is a common treatment for cancer.

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

The cell cycle has checkpoints to check for accurate DNA duplication and cell division.
Checkpoints are activated through specific proteins.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction, the processes involved in gamete formation, and the intricacies of the cell cycle. This quiz covers key concepts such as chromosome structure, mutations, and the role of proteins like p53 in cell regulation.