Biology Chapter 8 Flashcards

The reproduction of a cell through duplication of the genome and division of the cytoplasm.

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent.

<p>The creation of genetically unique offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism divides into two identical individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The combination of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The region of a duplicated chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ordered sequence of events from the formation of a cell until its division into two cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The period in the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell is not dividing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses and the mitotic spindle begins to form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The third stage of mitosis where duplicated chromosomes align at the cell's equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fourth stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The final stage of mitosis where daughter nuclei form at each pole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structure formed of microtubules involved in the movement of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Material in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives rise to microtubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double membrane that forms in plants during cytokinesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein secreted by certain cells that stimulates division in other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ceasing of cell division that occurs when cells touch one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement that a cell must be attached to a surface to divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An abnormal mass of rapidly growing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An abnormal tissue mass that can spread to other parts of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancers that originate in the coverings of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancers of the supportive tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Types of cancer of the blood-forming tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancers of the tissues that form white blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any cell in a multicellular organism except sperm or egg cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particular site where a gene is found on a chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes that determine whether an individual is male or female.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire sequence of stages in the life of an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex cells, such as haploid eggs or sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell containing a single set of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The union of the nucleus of a sperm cell with the nucleus of an egg cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diploid fertilized egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of a diploid nucleus into four haploid daughter nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exchange of segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The site where crossing over has occurred between chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The production of offspring with allele combinations different from those in the parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A display of micrographs of the chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A human genetic disorder resulting from the presence of an extra chromosome 21.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An accident of meiosis or mitosis where chromosomes fail to separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers