Cell Biology Quiz: Organelles and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lysosome within the cell?

  • Responsible for energy production
  • Acts as a digestive system that breaks down waste (correct)
  • Stores genetic material
  • Sorts and modifies proteins

Which of the following components is primarily responsible for maintaining cell structure?

  • Golgi apparatus
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cytoskeleton (correct)

In eukaryotic cells, where is the genetic material primarily located?

  • Cytosol
  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Plasma membrane
  • Mitochondria

What are the necessary components to produce energy through cellular respiration?

<p>Glucose, Water, Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

<p>Cellular respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Golgi apparatus contribute to cellular function?

<p>Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm?

<p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which mitochondrial structure does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?

<p>Matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of mitochondria allows them to reproduce independently within the cell?

<p>Self-replicating nature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cristae in mitochondria?

<p>Facilitate ATP production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is primarily responsible for transferring the genetic code from DNA to the site of protein synthesis?

<p>Messenger RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

<p>To direct the RNA on how to copy the DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which base is present in RNA but not in DNA?

<p>Uracil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do DNA strands differ from RNA strands in terms of structural integrity?

<p>DNA is more protected and harder to alter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of protein synthesis, how many amino acids are produced for every three letters of mRNA read?

<p>One (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of translation?

<p>It carries amino acids to the ribosome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between transcription and translation?

<p>Transcription creates mRNA, which is then translated into amino acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of tRNA allows it to recognize the corresponding codon on the mRNA?

<p>The anticodon sequence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During translation, how are amino acids linked together to form a protein?

<p>Through peptide bonds formed in the ribosome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the processes of transcription and translation?

<p>To provide the template for protein synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is true?

<p>Lysosomes are involved in breaking down large molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

<p>To provide movement and mechanical support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cellular structures is specifically associated with the synthesis of proteins?

<p>Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do cilia play in the cell?

<p>They capture nutrients and assist in respiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes flagella?

<p>Flagella help in movement and other cellular functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Flagella

Tail-like structures that help in cell movement and other functions.

Cilia

Hair-like structures that catch nutrients and play a role in respiration.

Ribosomes

Produce proteins and are composed of two subunits.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Contains ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis.

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Stores lipids, involved in lipid metabolism and some detoxification processes.

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Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance inside the cell that holds the organelles. It acts as a solvent for many substances and is important for controlling water balance and cell signaling.

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Lysosome

A membrane-bound organelle that breaks down waste materials and cellular debris.

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Mitochondria

The site of cellular respiration, where energy is produced in the form of ATP.

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DNA

Genetic material found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, responsible for carrying the instructions for building and maintaining the organism.

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RNA

A type of nucleic acid that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

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Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP, involving three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.

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Glycolysis

The first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.

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Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

The second stage of cellular respiration, happening inside the mitochondrial matrix, where pyruvate is further broken down to generate ATP and electron carriers.

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Electron Transport Chain

The final stage of cellular respiration, taking place in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where electrons are passed along a chain of proteins to create a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis.

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Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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Transcription

The process of creating a copy of DNA's genetic code into messenger RNA (mRNA).

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Translation

The process of translating the mRNA code into a protein, using amino acids.

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Amino Acids

The building blocks of proteins. Each three-letter code (codon) in mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid.

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What is tRNA?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a molecule that acts as a translator between the genetic code in mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins. It has an anticodon that matches a specific codon in mRNA, and an amino acid attached to the other end.

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What is transcription?

Transcription is the process of making a copy of DNA's genetic information into messenger RNA (mRNA). It's like taking a photo of a blueprint.

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What is translation?

Translation is the process of using the information in mRNA to create a protein. It's like building the structure based on the blueprint.

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What is an anticodon?

The anticodon on a tRNA molecule is a three-nucleotide sequence that complements a specific codon on mRNA. It acts like a key that fits into a specific lock.

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What is the amino acid on a tRNA?

The amino acid attached to a tRNA molecule is the building block used for protein synthesis. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid.

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