Cell Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a human cell?

Information processing and administrative control (correct)

Cell division

Energy production

Synthesis of proteins

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell structure?

Synapse (correct)

Endoplasmic reticulum

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

What type of cells lack a nucleus?

Skeletal muscle cells

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) (correct)

Neurons

Adipose cells

What best describes the term 'cytology'?

The study of cells Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in cells?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of ribosomes in a cell?

Synthesis of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structure is involved in detoxifying harmful substances within the cell?

Peroxisomes Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the cell division that results in two identical daughter cells?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nuclear envelope?

It facilitates the passage of substances in and out of the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

Regulates ion concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What do phospholipids in the plasma membrane consist of?

A hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Signup and view all the answers

What role do proteins embedded in the plasma membrane play?

They assist in the selective transport of substances. Signup and view all the answers

How does the plasma membrane contribute to the cell's functionality?

By providing recognition sites through receptors. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

It has a bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the pores in the nuclear envelope?

To allow the exchange of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates attached to the plasma membrane?

They provide recognition sites and contribute to immunological functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?

To break down waste materials and cellular debris Signup and view all the answers

What type of process is autophagy?

The degradation of a cell's own components Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for organizing microtubules during cell division?

Centrosome Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins primarily compose microfilaments?

Actin Signup and view all the answers

What function does the centrosome serve outside of cell division?

Microtubule organization Signup and view all the answers

How do lysosomes help during infection?

By engulfing and digesting invading pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What role does myosin play in muscle contraction?

It works with actin for contraction Signup and view all the answers

What diameter do microfilaments typically measure?

3-6 nm Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the destruction of a cell through its own enzymes?

Autolysis Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chromatin during telophase?

It uncoils into chromatin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

It produces haploid daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does hypoplasia refer to?

Underdevelopment of an organ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes the increase in the volume of an organ due to enlargement of its cells?

Hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

At what point do sister chromatids separate to become daughter chromosomes?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport across cell membranes does not require energy?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome if the abnormal stimulus causing metaplasia is removed?

Tissues revert to their normal state Signup and view all the answers

Dysplasia is characterized by which of the following?

Increase in immature cells and decrease in mature cells Signup and view all the answers

What signifies the beginning of cytokinesis?

Division of cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

How are homologous chromosomes involved during Meiosis I?

They pair up and swap some DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes neoplasia?

Abnormal proliferation of cells forming a tumor Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key feature of passive transport?

It moves substances along a concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

Atrophy can occur in response to which of the following conditions?

Lack of use of an organ or tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is formed after the fertilization of an ovum?

A diploid zygote Signup and view all the answers

How do hypertrophy and hyperplasia primarily differ?

Hypertrophy concerns the size of cells, whereas hyperplasia concerns the number of cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions is typically considered a congenital abnormality?

Hypoplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitotic spindle?

To separate chromosomes during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

Primary function of the nucleus: Houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
Components of cell structure: The cell structure is made up of various components, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and organelles.
Cells lacking a nucleus: Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a nucleus.
Cytology: The study of cells.
Organelle responsible for energy production: Mitochondria.
Role of ribosomes: Protein synthesis.
Detoxifying harmful substances: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
Cell division resulting in identical daughter cells: Mitosis.
Function of the nuclear envelope: Regulates the movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Function of the nucleus: The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material (DNA), controls cellular activities, and plays a role in protein synthesis.
Phospholipids in the plasma membrane: Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (attracted to water) and a hydrophobic tail (repels water).
Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane: They act as channels, pumps, receptors, and enzymes, controlling the passage of substances and facilitating cell signaling.
Plasma membrane functionality: Regulates what enters and exits the cell, maintains cell shape, provides structural support, and facilitates communication with other cells.
Plasma membrane structure: A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Purpose of pores in the nuclear envelope: Allow molecules to pass between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Carbohydrates attached to the plasma membrane: They act as recognition sites for other cells and molecules and can play a role in cell-cell interactions.
Function of lysosomes: Break down waste products, cellular debris, and foreign materials.
Autophagy: A process of self-eating, where the cell recycles its own components.
Organizing microtubules during cell division: Centrosomes.
Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, a controlled process eliminating unwanted or damaged cells.
Proteins composing microfilaments: Actin.
Function of the centrosome outside of cell division: Organizing microtubules, providing structural support, and playing a role in intracellular transport.
Lysosomes during infection: Lysosomes can engulf and destroy invading pathogens.
Myosin's role in muscle contraction: Myosin interacts with actin filaments, causing muscle contraction.
Diameter of microfilaments: Typically 6-7 nanometers.
Destruction of a cell through its own enzymes: Apoptosis.
Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate: During the metaphase stage of mitosis.
Chromatin during telophase: Chromatin decondenses, relaxing from its tightly packed state.
Outcome of meiosis for chromosome number: Reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid.
Hypoplasia: Incomplete development of an organ or tissue, resulting in underdevelopment.
Increase in organ volume by cell enlargement: Hypertrophy.
Separation of sister chromatids: During the anaphase stage of mitosis.
Transport across cell membranes not requiring energy: Passive transport, such as diffusion and osmosis.
Outcome of removing abnormal stimuli causing metaplasia: The cell may revert to its original state, or may not.
Dysplasia: Abnormal cells in terms of size, shape, and organization.
Cytokinesis beginning: Appearance of a cleavage furrow during cell division.
Homologous chromosomes during Meiosis I: They pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over.
Neoplasia: Abnormal cell growth, not always cancerous.
Key feature of passive transport: Movement of substances across cell membranes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without requiring cellular energy.
Atrophy: Reduction in the size of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in cell size or number.
Result of fertilizing an ovum: A zygote, the first cell of a new individual.
Difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia: Hypertrophy involves an increase in cell size, while hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number.
Congenital abnormality: A birth defect or anomaly present at birth.
Function of the mitotic spindle: Guides the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cell biology with this quiz covering essential topics such as cell structure, organelles, and functions. Explore questions related to the nucleus, cytology, and the plasma membrane. Perfect for students of biology looking to enhance their understanding of human cells.