10 Questions
What are the three layers of the plant cell wall?
Middle Lamella, Primary Wall, Secondary Wall
What thickens the plant cell wall in older cells?
Lignin
What is the chemical composition of the plasma membrane?
Two thin layers of phospholipids with a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end separated by a protein particle
What distinguishes the hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends of the phospholipids in the plasma membrane?
Hydrophilic end is attracted to water, while the hydrophobic end repels water
How can the plasma membrane be visualized?
Using an electron microscope
What term is used to describe the plasma membrane's ability to allow certain particles to pass while blocking others?
Selectively permeable
What lies between the plasma membrane and the nucleus?
Cytoplasm
What percentage of the cytoplasm is water?
80%
What are the living components of the cytoplasm?
Cellular organelles
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
It is the place where lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins are made
Study Notes
Cell Wall Structure
- Composed of three layers: Middle Lamella, Primary Wall, and Secondary Wall
- Cellulose is present in young cells, and lignin is added to thicken the wall in older cells
Plasma Membrane
- A flexible, thin, and fluid membrane surrounding the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Composed of two thin layers of phospholipids with hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends
- Protein particles are embedded between the phospholipid layers, controlling passage of materials
- Selectively permeable, allowing passage of some micro-particles and blocking larger particles
Structure of Plasma Membrane
- Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- Tails face the inner and outer parts of the membrane, while heads point inwards
- Protein channels transport materials between the inside and outside of the cell
Cytoplasm Composition
- Consists of 80% water, 15% proteins, and 5% fat, sugars, and salts
- Composed of many cellular organelles and non-living components
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- A reticulate, interconnected system of tubules and vesicles
- Attached to the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane at certain places
- Site of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein synthesis
- Divided into two types
This quiz tests your knowledge of cell biology, covering the structure and composition of cell walls and plasma membranes in plant and animal cells.
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