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Questions and Answers
Growth of the cell wall during cell elongation primarily occurs through which process?
Growth of the cell wall during cell elongation primarily occurs through which process?
- Both A & B (correct)
- Apposition
- Intussusception
- Super position
The plasma membrane is impermeable, allowing no substances to pass through.
The plasma membrane is impermeable, allowing no substances to pass through.
False (B)
How do plants manage intercellular transport despite having no circulatory system?
How do plants manage intercellular transport despite having no circulatory system?
Plants manage intercellular transport through diffusion and the movement of water and nutrients via osmosis and plasmodesmata.
Mitochondrial DNA is __________.
Mitochondrial DNA is __________.
Match the following organelles with their functions:
Match the following organelles with their functions:
Which organelle is responsible for the manufacture of ATP in animal and plant cells?
Which organelle is responsible for the manufacture of ATP in animal and plant cells?
Onion cells contain chloroplasts.
Onion cells contain chloroplasts.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The _____ is selectively permeable and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
The _____ is selectively permeable and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Match the following cell structures with their functions:
Match the following cell structures with their functions:
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Study Notes
Cell Growth and Structure
- Cell wall growth during elongation occurs via Intussusception.
- Cell membranes are composed of proteins and phospholipids.
- The plasma membrane exhibits a fluid structure due to the presence of glycoproteins and phospholipids.
- The cell wall is found in plants, prokaryotes, and algae.
- The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, allowing specific substances to pass through.
- Mitochondrial DNA is formatted as circular.
Organelles and DNA Containment
- Sets of organelles that contain DNA include mitochondria and chloroplasts.
- Peroxisomes do not contain DNA.
Intercellular Transport in Plants
- Lack of circulatory system in plants is compensated by diffusion and active transport mechanisms for intercellular transport.
Nucleolus Structure
- The nucleolus is not covered by a membrane; it functions primarily in ribosome production.
Fluid Mosaic Model
- The fluid mosaic model, proposed by Singer and Nicolson, supersedes the sandwich model by highlighting the dynamic arrangement of components in the membrane, emphasizing the fluidity and flexibility of proteins and lipids.
Cell Organelles and Functions
- Ribosomes: Synthesizes proteins.
- Chloroplasts: Conducts photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
- Mitochondria: Produces ATP in both animal and plant cells through cellular respiration.
- Plasma Membrane: Acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating substance movement in and out of the cell.
Identifying Plant Cells
- Onion cells, lacking chloroplasts, can still be identified as plant cells due to the presence of a cell wall.
Cell Observation Techniques
- Observations of onion root tips and buccal epithelial cells stained with Giemsa highlight specific cellular structures under a microscope.
Flow Chart of Cellular Transport
- Endoplasmic Reticulum → Transport vesicle → Golgi apparatus → Lysosomes
Organelle Identification
- Organelles identified include:
- A: Mitochondrion: Generates ATP through respiration.
- B: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesizes proteins, dotted with ribosomes.
- C: Golgi Complex: Modifies and packages proteins for transport.
- D: Amyloplast: Stores starch in plant cells.
Parts of a Cell
- Identification of cell structures includes:
- Nucleolus
- Chloroplast
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Mitochondria
- Plasma Membrane
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