Cell Biology Quiz for 10th Class

<p>It has a lower solute concentration than the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packaging and modifying proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It modifies and packages products from the rough ER. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy conversion and ATP production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoskeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detoxification and lipid metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is hydrophilic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis is the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the transport of one specific type of molecule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water moves out of the cell to equalize concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small, non-polar substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create kinks in the hydrophobic tails. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains nitrogenous base pairs bonded together via hydrogen bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complementary mRNA molecule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cuts out introns and reconnects exons in pre-mRNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bring amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA sequence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is modified and then transported to the cytoplasm for translation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Splicing of introns and exons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tryptophan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AUG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic material separates into two identical nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UAA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It initiates protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cysteine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Division of the cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UGA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophobic interactions between the lipid tails (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to kinks in the hydrophobic tails, increasing membrane fluidity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The structure of the lipid bilayer which permits diffusion across the membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertonic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Channel proteins are less selective and discriminate based on size/charge, while carrier proteins are more specific. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It moves to the side of lower water concentration (higher solute concentration). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium-potassium pump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertonic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To interact with the aqueous environment inside and outside the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of ribosomes on its surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid synthesis, calcium regulation and detoxification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi apparatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatin is a relaxed form of DNA, while chromosomes are its condensed form. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support and help condense DNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the conservation of the sequence of the DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Splicing of the pre-mRNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to the codon of the mRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport specific amino acids to the ribosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspartic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AAG (A), AAG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UAG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UCU-AUC-AAU (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasm division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leucine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiation of translation and coding for methionine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A phospholipid molecule consists of a hydrophilic phosphate 'head' and a hydrophobic lipid 'tail'. The tails are nonpolar.

The phospholipid bilayer is made up of two sheets of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail. The hydrophobic tails form the interior of the membrane, while the hydrophilic heads face the watery environment inside and outside the cell.

The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer containing various components like proteins and cholesterol. It allows movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Simple diffusion is the movement of small, non-polar substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide across the membrane down their concentration gradient.

Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins like channel proteins and carrier proteins to help substances cross the membrane.

Channel proteins are less selective than carrier proteins and allow the passage of molecules based on size and charge.

Carrier proteins are more selective than channel proteins and usually allow only one type of molecule to cross the membrane.

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

A solution with a higher solute concentration than another solution.

A solution with a lower solute concentration than another solution.

A solution with a solute concentration equal to another solution.

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

A type of active transport where the cell engulfs extracellular materials using its cell membrane.

A type of active transport where the cell releases material from inside to the outside.

A cell structure that acts as a network of interconnected membranes, involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.

Smooth ER is involved in synthesizing phospholipids, steroid hormones, regulating calcium levels, breaking down toxins, and metabolizing some carbohydrates.

The Golgi apparatus receives products from the rough ER, modifies them, packages them, and then sends them to other parts of the cell or exports them outside the cell.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for generating ATP, the cell's main energy currency.

Peroxisomes are organelles that contain enzymes for detoxifying harmful substances and breaking down lipids.

The cytoskeleton provides structural support for the cell, allows movement, and helps with cell division. It is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) which determines its structure and function.

DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones, which condense into chromatin. Chromatin further condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

Lysosomes are digestive organelles responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between their nitrogenous bases. Each base on one strand pairs specifically with its complementary base on the other strand. This pairing is essential for the accuracy of DNA replication and the transmission of genetic information.

DNA replication ensures each daughter cell receives a complete and accurate copy of the genetic information from the parent cell. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix, separating the strands, and using each strand as a template to synthesize a new complementary strand. The result is two identical DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

DNA's nucleotide sequence serves as a blueprint for protein synthesis. Each gene on the DNA molecule contains the code for a specific protein. The order of nucleotides determines the order of amino acids in the protein, ultimately dictating the protein's structure and function.

Transcription is the process of copying the genetic information from DNA into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This mRNA molecule then carries the genetic message to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

During mRNA processing, non-coding regions called introns are removed from the pre-mRNA transcript, and the remaining coding regions (exons) are spliced together. This creates a functional mRNA molecule that can be translated into a protein.

Translation is the process of decoding the mRNA molecule into a polypeptide chain (protein). Ribosomes, with the help of tRNA molecules, read the mRNA codons and bring in the appropriate amino acids to build the polypeptide chain.

The mRNA molecule, carrying the genetic information, travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it enters the ribosome. In the cytoplasm, the ribosome uses the mRNA as a template to build the protein, with the help of tRNA molecules that deliver the correct amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.

A three-base sequence on DNA that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.

The process of dividing the genetic material in a cell into two identical sets, followed by the division of the cytoplasm.

The genetic code used to translate the sequence of codons in DNA into the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

The complementary three-base sequence on mRNA that corresponds to a codon on DNA.

The process by which the sequence of bases in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of amino acids to form a protein.

A type of RNA that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

A type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.

A type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.

A sequence of three nucleotides that signals the start of protein synthesis.

A sequence of three nucleotides that signals the end of protein synthesis.