Cell Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of nerve cells (neurons)?

Form protective layers and barriers.

Facilitate movement through contraction.

Carry oxygen throughout the body.

Transmit electrical impulses throughout the nervous system. (correct)

Which type of muscle cell is striated and under involuntary control?

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Epithelial Cells

Cardiac Muscle Cells (correct)

Smooth Muscle Cells

What is the role of the acrosome in sperm cells?

To contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

To store nutrients for energy.

To propel the sperm forward.

To contain enzymes to penetrate the egg. (correct)

Which type of epithelial cell is characterized by a cube-like shape?

Cuboidal Epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood cell is primarily responsible for the immune response?

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in plant cells is responsible for performing photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of smooth muscle cells?

Regulate involuntary movements within internal organs. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature distinguishes cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?

Striated appearance and involuntary control. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is exclusive to eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus housing DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Rigid cell wall composed of cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in animal cells?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell features a large central vacuole?

Plant cells Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fungal cells from plant cells?

Cell wall composed of chitin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types contains organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus?

Animal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples depicts a characteristic of unicellular organisms?

Paramecia moving using pseudopodia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Genetic material in the form of DNA Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prokaryotic Cells

Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Examples include Bacteria and Archaea.
DNA is found in a nucleoid region within the cell.
Simple structure features a plasma membrane, cell wall, and may have flagella or pili.
Generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic Cells

Contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Examples include Animal cells, Plant cells, Fungal cells, and Protist cells.
DNA is contained within the nucleus.
Complex structure includes organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Specific Cell Types

Animal Cells

Lack a cell wall, have irregular shapes, and often contain lysosomes and centrioles.
Key organelles include:
- Nucleus for storing genetic information.
- Mitochondria for ATP production.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) for protein (rough ER) and lipid (smooth ER) synthesis.
- Golgi Apparatus for modulating, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.
- Lysosomes for digesting macromolecules and cellular debris.

Plant Cells

Characterized by a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
Key organelles include:
- Chloroplasts as the site for photosynthesis.
- Cell Wall for structural support and protection.
- Large Central Vacuole for maintaining turgor pressure and storing nutrients and waste products.

Fungal Cells

Similar to plant cells but have a cell wall made of chitin instead of cellulose.
Key organelles include:
- Nucleus for housing genetic material.
- Vacuoles for storing nutrients and waste.
- Cell Wall composed of chitin.

Protist Cells

A diverse group exhibiting characteristics of animal, plant, or fungal cells.
Notable examples:
- Amoebas: Unicellular and move using pseudopodia.
- Paramecia: Unicellular and move using cilia.
- Algae: Photosynthetic organisms with chloroplasts.

Specialized Cell Types

Specialized cells have unique structures and functions to perform specific roles within an organism, differing morphologically and biochemically from non-specialized cells.

Examples of Specialized Cells

Nerve Cells (Neurons)
- Function: Transmit electrical impulses throughout the nervous system.
- Structure includes axons (carry signals away), dendrites (receive signals), and synaptic terminals (release neurotransmitters).
Muscle Cells
- Function: Facilitate movement through contraction.
- Types include:
  - Skeletal Muscle Cells: Striated, voluntary, attached to bones.
  - Cardiac Muscle Cells: Striated, involuntary, found in the heart.
  - Smooth Muscle Cells: Non-striated, involuntary, located in internal organ walls.
Blood Cells
- Types:
  - Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) for carrying oxygen.
  - White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) for immune responses.
  - Platelets (Thrombocytes) for blood clotting.
Epithelial Cells
- Function: Form protective layers and barriers on surfaces and organs.
- Types include:
  - Squamous Epithelium: Thin, flat cells for skin and blood vessels.
  - Cuboidal Epithelium: Cube-shaped cells for ducts and glands.
  - Columnar Epithelium: Tall cells in the digestive tract for absorption and secretion.
Sperm Cells
- Function: Fertilize egg cells during reproduction.
- Structure includes:
  - Flagellum: Tail-like propelling structure.
  - Acrosome: Cap-like structure with enzymes to penetrate the egg.
Plant Cells
- Function: Perform photosynthesis and provide structural support.
- Specialized structures include:
  - Chloroplasts for capturing light energy.
  - Rigid Cell Wall for strength.
  - Central Vacuole for maintaining turgor pressure and nutrient storage.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell biology with this quiz focusing on nerve cells, muscle cells, and other essential cell types. Understand their functions and characteristics, including unique roles in photosynthesis and the immune system.