Biology Chapter: Cells and Organization

The cell theory states that all living things are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.

Proposed by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, this theory initially suggested that cells arose through spontaneous generation, where non-living matter could give rise to life. However, this idea was later disproven.

States that "all cells only arise from pre-existing cells." This theory clarified the origin of cells and disproved the earlier idea of spontaneous generation.

The idea that non-living matter can give rise to life. This theory has been scientifically disproven.

The fundamental unit of life, responsible for all structure and function in living things.

The process by which cells divide to create new cells.

Cells contain genetic material (DNA) which is passed on to daughter cells during cellular division. This ensures that the characteristics of the parent cell are inherited.

All cells from similar species share essentially the same chemical composition. This highlights the fundamental unity of life.

A model that describes the plasma membrane as a fluid structure with embedded proteins. The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which creates a flexible barrier.

The jelly-like substance found within the cell membrane and surrounds the nucleus. It's mainly composed of water, organic, and inorganic compounds. It facilitates many cell processes.

The control center of the eukaryotic cell. It contains the cell's DNA and is responsible for regulating cellular activity.

A network of membranes that transport materials throughout the cell. It's involved in synthesizing proteins and lipids.

A double membrane bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is the largest organelle, and it functions as the control center of the cellular activities and is the storehouse of the cell's DNA.

They are tiny spherical bodies found within the nucleus. They carry out protein and RNA synthesis.

They are thin thread-like structures, located inside the nucleus. They are the carriers of genes.

They are a hereditary unit found in organisms. They help with the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring.

The fluid-filled space within chloroplasts, containing enzymes for carbohydrate and protein synthesis, 70S ribosomes, and a circular DNA molecule.

Pigment-containing plastids responsible for giving fruits and flowers their vibrant colours (yellow, orange, red) due to carotenoid pigments like xanthophylls and carotene.

Colorless plastids that serve as storage compartments for various nutrients in plants.

A type of leucoplast specialized in storing carbohydrates, primarily starch, as seen in potatoes.

A type of leucoplast specialized in storing proteins, like in seeds.

A type of leucoplast specialized in storing oils and fats, primarily in seeds.

Small, non-membrane bound organelles composed of rRNA and proteins, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are essential for protein synthesis.

A membrane-bound organelle involved in modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins and lipids within the cell.

A double membrane composed of lipids and proteins, found in both plant and animal cells. Acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Oval-shaped, membrane-bound organelles, known as the 'Powerhouse of the Cell'. Perform cellular respiration, creating energy in the form of ATP.

A membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of cells, responsible for breaking down fatty acids and other molecules. It is also involved in detoxification.

Double membrane-bound organelles found in plants, responsible for photosynthesis and storing various substances..They also impart color to plants.

A membrane-bound sac filled with fluid, found in the cytoplasm of plant cells. They help in maintaining the plant's shape and storing waste products.

A membrane-bound sac containing enzymes and found in both plant and animal cells that helps break down lipids by reducing enzymes.

The rigid outer layer found in plant cells, providing structural support and protection.

A membrane-bound organelle present in both plant and animal cells, responsible for synthesizing lipids and proteins.

A round or oval-shaped organelle, found in both plant and animal cells. It is responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.

A membrane-bound organelle present in both plant and animal cells, involved in packaging and modifying proteins and lipids.

A type of organelle found only in plant cells. They are responsible for photosynthesis, producing energy from sunlight.

A large, fluid-filled sac found in plant cells. It helps maintain cell shape, stores water and nutrients, and supports turgor pressure.

A membrane-bound vesicle present in both plant and animal cells, containing enzymes that break down waste products.

A dense, spherical structure found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is involved in the synthesis of ribosomes.