Cell Biology Quiz: Cell Cycle and Cancer

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

DNA is duplicated to prepare for cell division.

The cell performs its regular functions and grows. (correct)

Cell organelles are degraded in preparation for division.

The cell enters a resting phase and remains inactive.

Which statement accurately describes apoptosis?

A process solely responsible for cellular growth.

Cell death that occurs only due to viral infections.

A random and uncontrolled process of cell death.

The regulated and controlled death of a cell. (correct)

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

The cell enters a resting phase and halts its activities.

The DNA is replicated to ensure identical cell division. (correct)

The cell synthesizes proteins necessary for division.

The chromosomes condense to prepare for cytokinesis.

In which phase do cells primarily perform their normal functions and prepare for potential replication?

G1 phase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What limits the maximum size a cell can achieve during growth?

Limitations in communication within the cell. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is not typically associated with malignant tumours?

They form a distinct boundary around themselves. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cancer development, what does metastasis refer to?

The process of spreading cancer cells to other parts of the body. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of abnormal cancer cells?

Disorganized arrangement of chromosomes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option specifically involves modifying the body's immune response to fight cancer?

Immunotherapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is primarily used to determine the stage of cancer?

Imaging tests (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is produced in the nucleolus?

Ribosomes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Lipid synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Presence of ribosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Golgi apparatus primarily consist of?

Folded membranes and vesicles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in energy production and has a double-membrane structure?

Chloroplast (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central vacuole found in plant cells?

Storage of fluids (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts is true?

They are green due to chlorophyll. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure acts as a barrier that surrounds the nucleus?

Nuclear envelope (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

It protects the cell and regulates substance movement. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the cytoplasm?

It is a gel-like material that supports organelles and nutrients. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements aligns with the cell theory?

All living things are composed of one or more cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main control center of a cell, often referred to as the brain of the cell?

Nucleus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the cell's structural elements?

Cell wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT attributed to the plasma membrane?

It allows diffusion of all substances. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the cytoplasm contribute to cellular function?

By providing a medium for biochemical reactions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the nucleus and provides an additional layer of protection?

Nuclear envelope (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to ionic compounds when compared to covalent compounds?

Form solid crystals at room temperature (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nomenclature, which statement is true for naming covalent compounds?

Use of prefixes to denote the number of atoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining property of acids based on the pH scale?

Have lower pH values than 7 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mirror can produce a virtual image that is upright and larger than the object?

Concave mirror (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction type involves an exchange of ions resulting in the formation of new compounds?

Double displacement reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when light passes from one medium to another at an angle?

Refraction (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Law of Conservation of Mass is accurate in chemical reactions?

The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of chemical reactions?

Color of reactants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of total internal reflection in light waves?

Incident light angle exceeds the critical angle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which property most distinguishes thermal energy produced by LED lights from other types of light production?

LEDs convert more electrical energy into light than heat. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do the spindle fibres align chromosomes along the middle of the cell?

Metaphase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during telophase in the process of mitosis?

Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue in animals is responsible for transmitting signals?

Nervous tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of xylem tissue in plants?

Transporting water and minerals (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell during the embryonic stage?

Embryonic stem cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes meristematic tissue in plants?

Consists of unspecialized cells for growth (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which phase are sister chromatids pushed apart by spindle fibres?

Anaphase (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provides strength and support in plant stems?

Ground tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Cell membrane pinches in at equator (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

Ground tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism leads to the formation of cancer cells?

Mutation in DNA instructions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adult stem cells?

Can differentiate into multiple cell types (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell makes up the outer protective covering of a leaf?

Epidermal tissue cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Theory

All living things are made up of one or more cells
The cell is the simplest unit that carries out all life processes
All cells come from other cells

Cell Organelles - Animal Cell

Plasma Cell Membrane

Selectively permeable border of the cell
Composed of a double layer of phospholipids
Forms a protective barrier around the cell
Allows different substances to move through it

Cytoplasm

Gel-like material
Helps different substances move through it

Nucleus

Contains genetic information
Surrounded by nuclear envelope
Controls all activities in a cell
Involved in DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing
Protects organelles

Nucleolus

Darker structure within the nucleus
Produces and assembles the cell's ribosomes

Nuclear Envelope (membrane)

Double membrane with nuclear pores
Protects and separates the contents of the nucleus

Ribosome

Produced in the nucleolus
Can be bound to the ER or freely floating in the cytoplasm
Involved in protein synthesis

Centrioles

Cylindrical structure of 9 triplets of tubes
Always exist as a pair
Help with cell division and organize microtubules

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Folded interconnected membrane
Covered in ribosomes
Extends from nuclear envelope
Folds and packages proteins for transport

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Folded interconnected membrane
No ribosomes
Extends from the nuclear envelope
Produces fats and oils
Detoxifies drugs and toxins

Golgi Apparatus

Folded interconnected membranes and vesicles near ER
Involved in transport

Mitochondria

Double membrane structure
Inner membrane folds to increase surface area
The innermost cavity is the matrix
Converts chemical energy in sugars to energy the cell can use

Vacuole

Fluid-filled sacs
Stores food, waste, and water

Vesicle

Small cellular containers
Transports materials

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes
Breaks down nutrients
Breaks down excess/worn-out cell parts

Cell Wall (Plant Cells Only)

A rigid wall
Provides support and protection

Cytoplasm (Plant Cells)

Gel-like material
Contains water and dissolved minerals
Contains organelles

Chloroplasts

Double membrane structure
Inner membrane folds to increase surface area
The innermost cavity is called the stroma
Site of photosynthesis

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts related to the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cancer biology. This quiz covers essential functions and phases of cell growth as well as characteristics of cancer cells and treatment options. Perfect for students studying cell biology at any level.