Cell Biology Quiz: Cell Cycle and Cancer

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms, and all new cells arise from preexisting cells.

The boundary of a cell, selectively permeable, meaning it controls what enters and exits the cell.

Jelly-like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

The control center of the cell, containing DNA, which directs the cell's activities.

Tiny structures within the cell, each with a specific function.

A double layer of phospholipids that forms a barrier around the cell. It is selectively permeable.

The cytoplasm allows for the movement of materials within the cell. It contains nutrients and helps to support cell organelles.

The nucleus contains the DNA, which is the genetic information that directs all the cell's activities.

The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division.

The first growth phase of interphase, during which the cell increases in size and produces new organelles.

The phase of interphase where the cell duplicates its DNA, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set.

The second growth phase of interphase, allowing the cell to produce more organelles and structures needed for division.

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus with pores that allow passage of molecules.

Small structures produced in the nucleolus, involved in protein synthesis. They can be bound to the ER or freely floating in the cytoplasm.

A network of folded membranes with ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis and modification.

A network of folded membranes without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.

A stack of folded membranes and vesicles near the ER, involved in processing and packaging proteins and lipids.

A double-membrane organelle with folded inner membranes, responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.

A double-membrane organelle found in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll which gives it a green color.

Abnormal cells that grow and divide uncontrollably, often forming a mass known as a tumor.

A non-cancerous tumor that does not spread to other parts of the body. They usually grow slowly and are often easily removed.

A cancerous tumor that can spread to other parts of the body through blood or lymphatic vessels. These tumors can be life-threatening.

The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body.

A cluster of abnormal cells that grow and divide uncontrollably without a clear boundary, often the first stage of tumor development.

The process where a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

The first stage of mitosis, where the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the spindle fibers develop.

The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell, ensuring they will split evenly.

The stage of mitosis when the sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and move to opposite poles of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis where the chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, the nuclear membrane reforms, and the chromosomes uncoil.

The process that divides the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in two daughter cells.

Cells specialized to perform specific functions in an organism and have distinctive structures and properties.

Undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various specialized cell types.

Tissue that lines surfaces and protects organs.

Tissue that provides strength, protection, and connection between cells and tissues.

Tissue that allows movement.

Tissue that receives and transmits signals throughout the body.

Unspecialized cells found throughout plants that enable growth of new parts.

Tissue that forms the outer protective layer in plants.

Tissue that provides support, storage, and photosynthesis in plants.

A type of chemical bond formed when two or more nonmetals share electrons.

A type of chemical bond formed when a metal atom loses an electron to a nonmetal atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that are then attracted to each other.

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

A chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

A chemical reaction where a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound.

A chemical reaction where two reactants exchange ions, resulting in the formation of two new compounds.

A chemical reaction that involves the rapid reaction between a substance with oxygen, often producing heat and light.