Cell Biology: Protein Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

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RNA polymerase binds to the start of that sequence (This involves energy from ATP and phosphorylation of the receptor) RNA polymerase does two things: i. Unzips that sequence of codons ii. Pairs free ribonucleotides found in the nucleus to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide of the antisense strand of DNA. The ribonucleotides are bound together to form messenger RNA (mRNA) This.

process is known as transcription

Adenine pairs to thymine (or uracil on RNA) Guanine pairs to cytosine A-T (or U) C- G 4 2 13/07/2020 Transcription: This occurs in the nucleus A transcription factor binds to a receptor on DNA associated with a specific sequence of codons (a gene) Transcription factors may be hormones or other intracellular chemicals (ligands) An enzyme known as RNA polymerase binds to the start of that sequence (This involves energy from ATP and phosphorylation of the receptor) RNA polymerase does two things: i. Unzips that sequence of codons ii. Pairs free ribonucleotides found in the nucleus to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide of the antisense strand of DNA. The ribonucleotides are bound together to form messenger RNA (mRNA)

process is the initial step of gene expression

A transcription factor binds to a receptor on DNA associated with a specific sequence of codons (a gene) Transcription factors may be hormones or other intracellular chemicals (ligands) An enzyme known as RNA polymerase binds to the start of that sequence (This involves energy from ATP and phosphorylation of the receptor)

process is called initiation

Pairs free ribonucleotides found in the nucleus to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide of the antisense strand of DNA. The ribonucleotides are bound together to form messenger RNA (mRNA) This.

<p>process is called elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA polymerase binds to the start of that sequence (This involves energy from ATP and phosphorylation of the receptor) RNA polymerase does two things: i. Unzips that sequence of codons ii. Pairs free ribonucleotides found in the nucleus to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide of the antisense strand of DNA.

<p>process is essential for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of transcription in eukaryotic cells, including the role of RNA polymerase and the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA).

<p>Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where a transcription factor binds to a specific sequence of codons on DNA. RNA polymerase then binds to the start of that sequence, unzips the DNA, and pairs free ribonucleotides to form mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the pairing of nucleobases during transcription, including the specific base pairs and their roles.

<p>During transcription, adenine pairs with thymine (or uracil in RNA) and guanine pairs with cytosine. These base pairs play a crucial role in forming the complementary mRNA strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transcription factors in the process of transcription?

<p>Transcription factors bind to specific sequences of codons on DNA and play a role in initiating the process of transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase to the gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the energy requirements and enzymatic activities involved in the process of transcription.

<p>The process of transcription requires energy from ATP and involves the enzymatic activity of RNA polymerase, which unzips the DNA and pairs ribonucleotides to form mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are ribonucleotides paired to the antisense strand of DNA during transcription, and what is the resulting product?

<p>Ribonucleotides are paired to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides of the antisense strand of DNA by RNA polymerase. The resulting product is messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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